تأثير منابع معدني، آلي و نانو روي بر عملكرد رشد، فراسنجه‌هاي خوني و فعاليت آنتي‌اكسيداني در بره‌هاي سنجابي

The effect of inorganic, organic and nano-zinc sources on growth performance, blood parameters and antioxidant activity of Sanjabi lambs

ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻋﻨﺼﺮ روي ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﺿﺮوري ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﮐﻢ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ در ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﻫﺎ و ﻫﻮرﻣﻮن ﻫﺎ، ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﻏﺸﺎﻫﺎي ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ، ﺑﯿﺎن ژن، ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ و دﻓﺎع آﻧﺘﯽ اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ دارد. اﯾﻦ ﻣﺎده ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ازﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﻤﯿﺖ ﭘﺲ از آﻫﻦ دوﻣﯿﻦ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﮐﻤﯿﺎب ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺑﺪن اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺿﻌﯿﻔﯽ در ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺪن ذﺧﯿﺮه ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﻟﺬا ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﺪاوم آن در ﺟﯿﺮه ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﻆ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ اﺛﺮات ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﮐﺮدن ﺷﮑﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻧﻮ )ﻧﺎﻧﻮاﮐﺴﯿﺪروي(، آﻟﯽ )رويﭘﻠﯽ ﺳﺎﮐﺎرﯾﺪ( و ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ )ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت روي( ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﮐﻢ ﻣﺼﺮف روي ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد، وﺿﻌﯿﺖ آﻧﺘﯽ اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻓﺮاﺳﻨﺠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﺮه ﻫﺎي در ﺣﺎل رﺷﺪ ﻧﮋاد ﺳﻨﺠﺎﺑﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮ روي ﺗﻌﺪاد 20 رأس ﺑﺮه ﻧﺮ ﺳﻨﺠﺎﺑﯽ )ﺳﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﯽ 4/5 ﻣﺎه و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ وزن29/55±1/1 ﮐﯿﻠـﻮﮔﺮم( در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 1( ﮔﺮوه ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )ﺟﯿﺮه ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﭘﺎﯾـﻪ ﻓﺎﻗـﺪ ﻣﮑﻤـﻞ روي(، 2( ﮔـﺮوه ﺳـﻮﻟﻔﺎت روي، 3( ﮔﺮوه رويﭘﻠﯽ ﺳﺎﮐﺎرﯾﺪ 4( ﮔﺮوه ﻧﺎﻧﻮ اﮐﺴﯿﺪ روي و ﻣﻘﺪار روي اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﻫﺮ ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ 20 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم در ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﻮد. ﺟﯿﺮهﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت آزاد و در دو ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﺻﺒﺢ و ﻋﺼﺮ ﺑﻪﻣﺪت 60 روز در اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﺑﺮه ﻫﺎ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ. ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد رﺷﺪ، وزن ﮐﺸﯽ در اﺑﺘﺪاي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ 15 روزه اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺎدهﺧﺸﮏ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ، ﻣﯿﺰان ﺧﻮراك داده ﺷﺪه و ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪ آن ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ دام ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت روزاﻧﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺟﻬـﺖ اﻧـﺪازه ﮔﯿـﺮي ﻓﺮاﺳـﻨﺠﻪ ﻫـﺎ ي ﺧﻮﻧﯽ و وﺿﻌﯿﺖ آﻧﺘﯽ اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ، ﺧﻮن ﮔﯿﺮي در روز اول، 30 و 60 آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﮑﻤﻞ روي ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮي ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد رﺷﺪ ﺑﺮه ﻫﺎ ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ )0/05>P(. اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از 20 ﻣﯿﻠـﯽ ﮔـﺮم روي در ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻣﺎدهﺧﺸﮏ ﺟﯿﺮه ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار روي ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ )0/05

Zinc is one of the most important and essential trace elements that plays a vital role in many biological processes such as the activity of enzymes and hormones, cell membrane stability, gene expression, cell division and antioxidant defense. Therefore, this experiment was performed to compare the effects of supplementation of nano (zinc nano oxide), organic (zinc polysaccharide) and inorganic (zinc sulfate) forms of the trace element zinc on performance, antioxidant status and some blood parameters of growing Sanjabi lambs. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 20 male Sanjabi lambs (approximate age 4.5 months and mean weight 29.55 ± 1.1 kg). Treatments include 1) control group (basic diet without zinc supplement), 2) zinc sulfate group, 3) zinc-polysaccharide group 4) zinc nano oxide group. The amount of zinc added in each experimental group was 20 mg / kg dry matter. The diet was given to the lambs freely for 60 days in the morning and evening. In order to evaluate the growth performance, weight loss was performed at the beginning of the experiment and then at 15-day intervals. To determine the amount of dry matter consumed, the amount of feed and its residue were measured daily for each animal. To measure blood parameters and antioxidant status, blood samples were taken in the first days, 30 and 60. Data were analyzed using SAS statistical software version 9.2 using Mixed procedure and Duncan test was used to compare the means at the probability level of 0.05. Results: The use of zinc supplement in different forms had no effect on the growth performance of lambs (P >0.05). The use of 20 mg zinc per kg of dietary dry matter in different forms caused a significant increase in plasma compared to the control group (P <0.05), but had no significant effect on plasma copper and iron concentrations and serum calcium and phosphorus(P >0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase increased in the groups supplemented with zinc (P <0.05). Despite the decrease in serum malondialdehyde index in the zinc supplemented groups compared to the control treatment, this difference was significant only in the zinc nano oxide group (P <0.05). The use of different forms of zinc had no effect on the total antioxidant capacity (P >0.05). Conclusion: The results of this experiment showed that the use of zinc supplement in different forms (inorganic, organic and nano) increases the concentration of zinc in plasma. In addition, it reduces the malondialdehyde index and increases the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme.