تاثير تغذيه‌ سطوح مختلف پودر ضايعات جوجه كشي بر عملكرد، گوارش‌پذيري و فراسنجه هاي تخميري شكمبه و خون بره هاي پرواري

Effect of different levels of hatchery wastes on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, ruminal and blood parameters in fattening lambs

ﻓﺮآوري و ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ، ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎ و ﺿـﺎ ﯾﻌﺎت ﮐﺸـﺎورز ي و اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺠـﺪد از آن ﻫـﺎ در ﭼﺮﺧـﻪ ﺗﻮ ﻟﯿـ ﺪ، راه ﺣﻠﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي از اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه در ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ دام، ﻃﯿﻮر و آﺑﺰﯾﺎن و ﯾﺎ در ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣـ ﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ . در ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﺮورش ﻃﯿﻮر ﻃﺒﻖ ﮔﺰارﺷﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺰاران ﺗﻦ ﮐﻮد داﻣﯽ و ﻣﺮﻏﯽ، ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﮐﺸﺘﺎرﮔﺎﻫﯽ و ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﺻـﻨﺎ ﯾﻊ ﻣﺮﻏـﺪار ي ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد ﻣﯽ آﯾﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﻧﺴﺎن را ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ و ﺣﺘﯽ ﺳﺒﺐ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻐﺬي و اﻧﺮژي ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد در ﻓﻀﻮﻻت، ﺑﺴﺘﺮ، ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﮐﺸﺘﺎرﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻃﯿﻮر و ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﺸﯽ ﭘﺲ از ﺣﺬف ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري زا، ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺑﺎز ﯾﺎﻓـﺖ و اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده در ﺟﯿﺮه ﻫﺎي دام و ﻃﯿﻮر ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﻮدر ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت و ﺑﺎﻗﯿﻤﺎﻧـﺪه ﻣﺆﺳﺴـﺎت ﺟﻮﺟـﻪ ﮐﺸـ ﯽ ﺑـﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮد ﮔﻮارشﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻐﺬي، ﻓﺮاﺳﻨﺠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻤﯿﺮي ﺷﮑﻤﺒﻪ و ﺧﻮن ﺑﺮه ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮواري ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد 30 رأس ﺑﺮه ﻧﺮ ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ وزﻧـﯽ 23±0/3 ﮐﯿﻠـﻮﮔﺮم و ﺳـﻦ ﺣـﺪود ﺷـﺶ ﻣـﺎﻫﮕ ﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﮔﺮوه دهﺗﺎﯾﯽ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﮔﺮوه ﯾﮏ ﺟﯿﺮه آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده ﺷـﺪ. ﭘﻮدر ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﺟﻮﺟﻪﮐﺸﯽ از ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﻮﺟﻪﮐﺸﯽ واﻗﻊ در ﺷﻤﺎل ﮐﺸﻮر ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺷﺪ و ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺷـﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ در ﺳـﻪ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺻﻔﺮ، ﺳﻪ و ﺷﺶ درﺻﺪ در ﺟﯿﺮه ﺑﺮهﻫﺎي ﭘـﺮواري اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾـﺪ. ﺟﻬـ ﺖ ﺗﻌﯿـ ﯿﻦ ﮔـﻮارش ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي ﻣﻮادﻣﻐـﺬ ي از روش اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﺎرﮐﺮ داﺧﻠﯽ ﺧﺎﮐﺴﺘﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﺤﻠﻮل در اﺳﯿﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن 90 روز دوره اﺻﻠﯽ ﭘﺮوارﺑﻨﺪي، از ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺷﮑﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﺮهﻫﺎ در ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ﺻﻔﺮ، ﺳﻪ و ﺷﺶ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺼﺮف ﺧﻮراك ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺮي ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺳﺎﮐﺸﻦ، ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ pH، ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن آﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮐﯽ، ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﭘﺮوﺗﻮزوآ و اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب ﻓﺮار ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻣﺪ. در آﺧﺮﯾﻦ روز دوره و در ﺳـﺎﻋﺖ ﭘـ ﯿﺶ از ﻣﺼـﺮف ﺧﻮراك، ﺧﻮنﮔﯿﺮي از ﺑﺮهﻫﺎ از ورﯾﺪ وداج ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻓﺮاﺳﻨﺠﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺮهﻫﺎ در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن دوره و ﭘـﺲ از ﯾﮏ ﮔﺮﺳﻨﮕﯽ ﺷﺒﺎﻧﻪ ﮐﺸﺘﺎر ﺷﺪه و ﻻﺷﻪ ﺳﺮد و ﮔﺮم آنﻫﺎ ﺗﻮزﯾﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﺎدهﺧﺸﮏ و اﺿﺎﻓﻪ وزن در ﺑﺮه ﻫﺎي ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺷﺶ درﺻﺪ ﭘﻮدر ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﺟﻮﺟـﻪ ﮐﺸـﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮر ﻣﻌﻨـﯽ داري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﮔﺮوه ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد )0/05

Processing and treatment of agricultural residues and by-products is a good economical solution for reusing them into the product cycle specially in animal feeding. The production a huge quantity of hatchery waste (HW) in the poultry industry has raised concerns about environmental pollution. Nutrients and energy in wastes, litter of broiler and hatchery after eliminating of their pathogens, can be recycled and used in livestock diets. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to investigate of the effect of feeding different levels of HW as the main source of dietary protein on lamb’s performance, nutrients digestibility, rumenal fermentation and blood parameters. Materials and methods: Twenty-four Kermani male lambs with an average initial weight of 23±0.33 kg and six months’ age, were used in a completely randomized design. The experimental diets included control diet and diets containing 3 and 6% of HW. To estimate of feed intake, the remaining feed of lambs collected and weighed daily before the morning meal. At the end of every two weeks the lambs are weighed for calculation of daily weight gain. Nutrients digestibility measured by acid insoluble ash marker method. Rumen liquid samples taken from lambs before and 3 and 6 h after feeding for NH3-N, pH and volatile fatty acids measuring. Blood samples were collected at the end of period and 3 h post morning feeding for determination of blood biochemical factors. At the end of main period, all lambs were slaughtered following an overnight fast and skinned. Empty body were weighted and stored at 4 °C for 24 hours (for determination of cold carcass weight). Results: In the present study, performance and dry matter intake in lambs fed with 6% hatchery waste powder were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). Dry matter, organic matter and crude protein digestibility was not affected by HW. But, neutral and acid detergent fiber digestibility decreased (P<0.05) by adding of HW in lamb’s diet. Adding of HW in lambs’ diet, increased warm and cold carcass weights linearly (P<0.05). The pH, protozoa population and NH3-N concentration in the rumen were not affected by the experimental diets. The HW in diet caused to decreasing (P<0.05) and increasing acetic and propionic acids concentration in lambs, respectively. Blood cholesterol and glucose level in lambs fed HW were significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05). but other factors such as BUN and total protein were not different among the experimental diets. Conclusion: The chemical composition of the HW indicates that this by-product is relatively appropriate nutritious. Because of increase in feed intake and performance and too alter in ruminal fermentation characteristics, this waste can be used as part of a concentrate in the diet of lambs.