اثر ضدقارچي نانوصفحات گرافن اكسايد و گرافن اكسايد احياشده بر تشكيل بيوفيلم كانديدا آلبيكنس

Anti-fungus Impacts of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets and Reduced Graphene Oxide on Candida albicans Biofilm Formation

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻗﺎرچ Candida albicansﻣﺘﺪاول ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري زاﯾﯽ ﻗﺎرﭼﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﻠﻮﻧﯿﺰاﺳﯿﻮن و ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺑﯿﻮﻓﯿﻠﻢ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦﮐﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻧﺪﯾﺪاﯾﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﯿﻮﻓﯿﻠﻢ، ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﮐﻤﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ داروﻫﺎي ﺿﺪﻗﺎرﭼﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪ؛ درﻣﺎن ﺑﺎﯾﺪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ﺿﺪﻗﺎرچ ﺑﺎ اﺛﺮ زﯾﺎد و ﺳﻤﯿﺖ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ ﮐﻢ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﯿﺮد. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ، ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺑﯿﻮﻓﯿﻠﻢ C. albicansدر ﺣﻀﻮر ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺻﻔﺤﺎت دي اﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﮔﺮاﻓﻦ و اﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﮔﺮاﻓﻦ ﮐﺎﻫﺶﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ را ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ . ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮔﺮاﻓﯿﺖ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، ﺑﻪ روش ﻫﺎﻣﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از 24 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ اﻧﮑﻮﺑﺎﺳﯿﻮن اﺛﺮ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺎي 80 ،60 ،40 ،20 ،0 و 100 ppm ﺑﺮ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺑﯿﻮﻓﯿﻠﻢ C. albicans از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ روش ELISA ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار 18.P<0.01) SPSS ver( ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺻـﻔﺤﺎت ﮔﺮاﻓﻦ اﮐﺴـﯿﺪ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴـﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮاﻓﻦاﮐﺴـﺎﯾﺪ اﺣﯿﺎ ﺷـﺪه در ﻣﻬﺎر ﺑﯿﻮﻓﯿﻠﻢ C. albicansﻣﺆﺛﺮﺗﺮ ﺑﻮد )01.P<0(. ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ در ﺗﺸـﮑﯿﻞ ﺑﯿﻮﻓﯿﻠﻢ ppm 100و ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ زﻣﺎن ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮاﻓﻦ اﮐﺴـﯿﺪ و ﮔﺮاﻓﻦ اﮐﺴﯿﺪ اﺣﯿﺎ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 48 و 24 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﻮد )01.P<0(. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﮔﺮاﻓﻦاﮐﺴﺎﯾﺪ و ﮔﺮاﻓﻦاﮐﺴﺎﯾﺪ اﺣﯿﺎﺷﺪه را ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳ ﯽ-ﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻬﺎر C. albicansﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﮐﺮد.

Candida albicans is the most common fungus pathogen in terms of biofilm colonization and formation. Considering that the biofilm-producing Candida species show less sensitivity to anti-fungus medicines, hence the treatment should be accomplished through other anti-fungus factors with high effect and low cytotoxicity. In parallel with this, the present study investigated the C. albicans biofilm formation in the presence of Graphene Dioxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nano-sheets. Materials and Methods: Graphene Dioxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nano-sheets synthesis were done through the Hummer Method using natural graphite. After 24 hours of incubating of C. albicans with different concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 ppm of Nano-sheets, biofilm formation was investigated through the ELISA method, and results were analyzed by SPSS ver.18 software (p <0.01). Results: Graphene Oxide Nano-sheets was more effective to control C. albicans biofilm compared to Reduced Graphene Oxide (p<0.01). The most effective concentration in biofilm formation was 100 ppm and the best time was 48 and 24 hours for Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide respectively (p<0.01). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, Graphene Oxide Nano-sheets and Reduced Graphene Oxide can be proposed for further investigations to control Candida albicans.