اثرات ضد افسردگي و آنتي اكسيداني عصاره سيانو باكتري Nostoc commune در يك مدل ايسكمي/رپرفيوژن مغز موش صحرايي

Antidepressant and antioxidant effects of cyanobacterium Nostoc commune in a rat brain ischemia/reperfusion model

ﺳﻜﺘﻪ ﻣﻐﺰي اﻳﺴﻜﻤﻲ دوﻣﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻣﺮگ و ﺳﻮﻣﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻧﺎﺗﻮاﻧﻲ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﺖ. در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، اﺛﺮات ﺿﺪ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ و آﻧﺘﻲ اﻛﺴﻴﺪاﻧﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻧﻮﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي ﻧﻮﺳﺘﻮك ﻛﻤﻮن در ﻣﺪل ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﻲ اﻳﺴﻜﻤﻲ ﻓﺮاﮔﻴﺮ ﻣﻐﺰي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ، 35 ﺳﺮ ﻣﻮش ﺻﺤﺮاﻳﻲ ﻧﺮ ﺑﻪ 5 ﮔﺮوه ﻛﻨﺘﺮل، ﻧﻮﺳﺘﻮك ﻛﻤﻮن، اﻳﺴﻜﻤﻲ، اﻳﺴﻜﻤﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﺳﺘﻮك ﻛﻤﻮن 35 و 70 ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. رت ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺼﺎر ﻧﻮﺳﺘﻮك ﻛﻤﻮن )دوزﻫﺎي 35 و 70 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم، ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪه در ﺳﺎﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺧﻮراﻛﻲ( ﺑﺮاي 14 روز ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺷﺪﻧﺪ در ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ در ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل و اﻳﺴﻜﻤﻲ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﻫﻤﺎن ﺣﺠﻢ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﻦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ. رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺷﺒﻪ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ 48 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ از اﻟﻘﺎء ﻣﺪل اﻳﺴﻜﻤﻲ، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎي اﺟﺒﺎري و ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ دم ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ آﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻻز، ﺳﻮﭘﺮ اﻛﺴﻴﺪ دﻳﺴﻤﻮﺗﺎز و ﮔﻠﻮﺗﺎﺗﻴﻮن ﭘﺮاﻛﺴﻴﺪاز ﻧﻴﺰ در ﻗﺸﺮ ﻣﻐﺰ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﻋﺼﺎره ﻧﻮﺳﺘﻮك ﻛﻤﻮن در دوز 70 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري )P<0/05( زﻣﺎن ﺑﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻲ اﻟﻘﺎء ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ آﺳﻴﺐ اﻳﺴﻜﻤﻲ را در ﻫﺮ دو آزﻣﻮن ﺷﻨﺎي اﺟﺒﺎري و ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ دم ﻛﺎﻫﺶ داد و زﻣﺎن ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻋﻤﻮدي را ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﮔﺮداﻧﺪ. در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه اﻳﺴﻜﻤﻲ، ﭘﻴﺶﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺳﻴﺎﻧﻮﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي ﻧﻮﺳﺘﻮك ﻛﻤﻮن ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ آﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻻز، ﺳﻮﭘﺮ اﻛﺴﻴﺪ دﻳﺴﻤﻮﺗﺎز و ﮔﻠﻮﺗﺎﺗﻴﻮن ﭘﺮاﻛﺴﻴﺪاز ﻗﺸﺮ ﻣﻐﺰ را ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ داد. اﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻋﺼﺎره ﻧﻮﺳﺘﻮك ﻛﻤﻮن اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ ﭘﺲ از ﺳﻜﺘﻪ را ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﺎر اﺳﺘﺮس اﻛﺴﻴﺪاﺗﻴﻮ ﻣﻐﺰﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان درﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮاي آﺳﻴﺐ اﻳﺴﻜﻤﻲ ﻣﻐﺰي ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد.

Introduction: Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide. The present study aimed to explore the antidepressant and antioxidant activities of the cyanobacterium Nostoc commune (N. commune) in a rat brain ischemia/reperfusion model. Methods: In this experimental study, thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (control, N. commune, ischemia, N. commune 35 + ischemia, and N. commune 70 + ischemia). Rats were pre-treated with N. commune (35 or 70 mg/kg body weight, dissolved in saline, once orally) for 14 days, while the rats in control and ischemia groups were given an equivalent volume of saline. The antidepressive‐like effects of N. commune were determined by tail suspension and forced swimming tests 48 hours after ischemia induction. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were assayed in the brain cortex. Results: The present study exhibited Nostoc commune treatment (70 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the immobility times induced by ischemia damage in FST and TST and reversed the climbing time. Compared to the ischemia group, N. commune treatment considerably increased cerebral CAT, SOD, and GPx activities. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that N. commune extract could protect ischemia -induced brain injury rats by inhibiting cerebral oxidative stress, suggesting that it may have potential as a therapy for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.