ارائۀ الگوي مداخله و نظام سياست‌گذاري فضايي در پياده‌راه‌هاي شهري

A Model of Intervention and Spatial Policy-making System for Urban Pedestrian Streets

ﭘﯿﺎده روي اﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯾﯽ در ﮐﺎﻧﻮن ﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽ رود ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﮥ ﮐﻢ، دردﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﻮدن و واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﺒﻮدن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺼﺮي ﺧﺎص، اﺣﯿﺎي ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي و زﻧﺪﮔﯽ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ را ﺑـﻪ ﻫﻤـﺮاه داﺷـﺘﻪ اﺳـﺖ ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﻓﺮدوﺳﯽ ﺷﺎﻫﯿﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻧﺒﻮد ﻓﻀﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻀﻮر ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان از ﯾﮏ ﺳﻮ و ﻏﻠﺒـﮥ ﻓﻀـﺎﻫﺎي ﺳﻮاره ﺑﺮ ﭘﯿﺎده از ﺳﻮي دﯾﮕﺮ، ﻋﺮﺻﻪ را ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻀﻮر ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﺗﻨﮓ و ﺣﯿﺎت اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ ﺷـﻬﺮوﻧﺪان را ﻣﺨﺘـﻞ ﮐـﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻘﺎﻟﮥ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎزﺧﻮاﻧﯽ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﭘﯿﺎده راه و ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ آن ﺑﺎ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺣﻀﻮرﭘﺬﯾﺮي، اﺑﺘﺪا ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻣﻔﻬـﻮﻣﯽ ﭘﯿﺎده راه ﺣﻀﻮرﭘﺬﯾﺮ را ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ و درﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﯾﮏ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﮔﺬاري ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ و اﻟﮕﻮي ﻣﺪاﺧﻠـﻪ در ﭘﯿـﺎده راه ﻫـﺎي ﺣﻀﻮرﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺷﻬﺮي اراﺋﻪ ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و روش آن ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ اﺳﺖ. در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﮥ ﻣﺘـﻮن ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ در زﻣﯿﻨﮥ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﭘﯿﺎده راه و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺣﻀﻮرﭘﺬﯾﺮي، ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷـﺪ. در ﺑﺨـﺶ ﮐﻤـﯽ، ﺑـﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ، ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﮔﺬاري ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﯿﺎده راه ﺣﻀﻮرﭘﺬﯾﺮ در ﻣﺤﻮر ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ و ﺑـﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮﻧﯽ، اﻟﮕﻮي ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ در ﻣﺤﻮر ﻣﺬﮐﻮر اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ و رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮﻧﯽ، ﭼﻬﺎرده ﻋﺎﻣﻞ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﮔﺬاري ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ در ﭘﯿـﺎده راه ﺣﻀـﻮرﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﻓﺮدوﺳـﯽ ﺷـﺎﻫﯿﻦ ﺷـﻬﺮ ﺑﯿـﺎن ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﻧﻔﻮذﭘﺬﯾﺮي و ﺣﺲ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ و دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺧـﺪﻣﺎت ﺷـﻬﺮي و ﮐـﺎراﯾﯽ، ﮐﻤﺘـﺮﯾﻦ ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ را ﺑـﺮ ﺣﻀﻮرﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻣﺤﻮر ﻓﺮدوﺳﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﯿﺖ، اﻣﻨﯿﺖ و اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑـﺮ ﺣﻀـﻮرﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻣﺤـﻮر ﺑـﺪون ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ.

Walking is recognized as the main model of movement within human-dwelling centers. Ferdowsi Street has, due to the lack of befitting urban space for the presence of citizens on the one hand and the dominance of motorways over pedestrian zones spaces on the other hand, tightened the noose around citizens wishing to show up in public spaces and disrupted their social life. In the present study attempts are made to review the pedestrian zone design criteria and mix them with attendance quality factors in order to delineate the framework of attendance-inducing pedestrian zones and finally provide a spatial policy system and a model of intervention for the attendance-inciting pedestrian zones of a city. The present study falls within the category of mixed applied studies. In the qualitative phase, content analysis method was used to investigate the theoretical foundations and extract the research framework. Quantitative phase, exploratory factor analysis was used to analyze 300 questionnaires and identify the components of spatial policies related to attendance-inducing pedestrian zones. In the next step, regression analysis was used to present an intervention model for the design of the attendant-inducing pedestrian zones on Ferdowsi Street.14 factors can be recognized as the main components affecting spatial policies related to attendance-inducing pedestrian zones in the Ferdowsi street. Permeability and sense of belonging were found to have the greatest impact on attendance of people in the pedestrian zones of the Ferdowsi and access to urban services and efficiency turned out to have the least significant impact on that.