تحليل رويكرد سرمايه اجتماعي بر توسعه كالبدي شهر (مطالعه موردي: شهر زاهدان)

Analysis of the Social Capital Approach to City Physical Development (Case study: Zahedan City)

ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﺷﻬﺮي و از ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺎﺳﯽ و ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﺛﺒﺎت، ﭘﻮﯾﺎﯾﯽ و ﺳﺮزﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. از ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان زﯾﺮﺑﻨﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي- اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و ﺷﻬﺮي ﯾﺎد ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺗﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در اﯾﺠﺎد، ﺣﻔﻆ و ﻏﻨﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ آن از اﻫﺪاف اﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي ﺷﻬﺮي ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽرود. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي ﺷﻬﺮ )ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردي: ﺷﻬﺮ زاﻫﺪان( ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روﯾﮑﺮد ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻀﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﮐﻤﯽ و ﻧﻮع ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار )SPSS( و ﻣﺪل )KOPRAS( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي اﻋﺘﻤﺎد اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ و ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن T ﺗﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪاي ﻧﺸﺎن داد، در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﺪد 3 ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ زﯾﺎد ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي )اﻋﺘﻤﺎد، ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ، ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ( ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي ﺷﻬﺮ زاﻫﺪان ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ اﺳﭙﯿﺮﻣﻦ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي اﻋﺘﻤﺎد اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي ﺷﻬﺮ زاﻫﺪان در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري 0/000 دﯾﺪه ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﻟﻮﯾﺖﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﻨﺠﮕﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻬﺮي زاﻫﺪان ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي )اﻋﺘﻤﺎد اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ( ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از از ﻣﺪل ﮐﻮﭘﺮاس ﻧﺸﺎن داد، ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ 5 ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار pj ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه 3540/ . ﻣﻘﺪار Rjﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه 0/0555 و ﻣﻘﺪار Qj ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه 0/3803 و ﻣﻘﺪار Nj ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه 54/43 در اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﻗﺮار دارد.

In this regard, the aim of the present research is to analyze the social capital approach to physical development of the city (case study: Zahedan city). The current approach to the present research is qualitative and quantitative and the type of research is applied. In this regard, comprehensive studies were conducted on the research indicators in the study area. The Software (SPSS) and Model (KOPRAS) is then used to analyze the information. The results of the effect of variables of social trust, social participation and social networks on physical development were demonstrated by single-sample T-test. In all indicators of expression with the average obtained above the average of 3, the high impact of variables (trust, participation, Social networks) on the development of the physical city of Zahedan. Spearman correlation test showed that there is a meaningful relationship between the variables of social trust, social participation, social networks and physical development in Zahedan at a significant level of 0.000. Finally, the results of the prioritization of the five urban areas of Zahedan based on the variables (social trust, social participation, and social networks) were shown using the KOPRAS model, the region 5 with the value of pj obtained 0.3540 Rj values 0.0555 and the value of Qj obtained is 0.3803 and the obtained Nj value is 54.53 Is in the top priority.