تكنولوژي‌هاي جديد و دگرگوني معنايي «علم» و «صنعت» در دورۀ قاجار

New technologies and transformation of "knowledge" and "techne" meaning in Qajar period

This article investigates the transformation of 'Knowledge' and ' Techne' in Qajar era. The hypothesis of the article is that the radical change that occurred in Qajar period in definition of knowledge and its classification was due to the emergence of new technologies. with categorizing under " product of natural knowledge", new technology initiated the problem of how theoretic knowledge lead to invention of instrument that can be used in practical life. This problem come from the status of "natural knowledge" in Farabi-Avicenna categories of knowledge where theoretical knowledge haven't any practical use and relate to 'other world happiness'. Categories based on the Aristotle distinction between 'episteme' and 'techne', believe episteme deal with the thing that can't be otherwise and hence haven't use value. With conceiving that theoretical knowledge lead to practical use, new technology disturbed this order. The consequence of this transformation firstly, rise up the evolutionary concept of knowledge that on the time distance, categorized societies on hierarchical level of "civilized" and "savage" base on practical use of knowledge. Secondly categorization of "techne" under new science of "wealth" and definition of it as "all practice that produce wealth". With new definition of "techne", all practice that lead to producing of wealth and nowadays we in Economics science calling them " land, labor and capital", reorganized based on status that they have in producing wealth

This article investigates the transformation of 'Knowledge' and ' Techne' in Qajar era. The hypothesis of the article is that the radical change that occurred in Qajar period in definition of knowledge and its classification was due to the emergence of new technologies. with categorizing under " product of natural knowledge", new technology initiated the problem of how theoretic knowledge lead to invention of instrument that can be used in practical life. This problem come from the status of "natural knowledge" in Farabi-Avicenna categories of knowledge where theoretical knowledge haven't any practical use and relate to 'other world happiness'. Categories based on the Aristotle distinction between 'episteme' and 'techne', believe episteme deal with the thing that can't be otherwise and hence haven't use value. With conceiving that theoretical knowledge lead to practical use, new technology disturbed this order. The consequence of this transformation firstly, rise up the evolutionary concept of knowledge that on the time distance, categorized societies on hierarchical level of "civilized" and "savage" base on practical use of knowledge. Secondly categorization of "techne" under new science of "wealth" and definition of it as "all practice that produce wealth". With new definition of "techne", all practice that lead to producing of wealth and nowadays we in Economics science calling them " land, labor and capital", reorganized based on status that they have in producing wealth