تعيين ميزان بهره‌وري آب در زراعت كلزا در استان لرستان

Determining water productivity in canola cultivation in Lorestan province

ﮐﻤﺒﻮد آب ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮري ﻣﺤﺪودﮐﻨﻨﺪه رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﺸﮏ و ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ ذاﺗﯽ ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ اﻗﻠﯿﻢﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪد در دو دﻫﻪ اﺧﯿﺮ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﯿﺶ از ﺣﺪ آب در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺑﻬﺮهوري آب در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﺸﺎورزي در اﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﻬﻢ و ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب در دﻧﯿﺎ داراي ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ و ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎي ﻏﺬا، ﻣﺼﺮف آب ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻧﯿﺰ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داﺷﺖ. از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺎرت آب ﻣﺠﺎزي ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان راﻫﮑﺎري ﻧﻮﯾ ﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻢ آﺑﯽ ﻣﻄﺮح اﺳﺖ، ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ زﯾﺎد ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ، در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺤﺮان آب ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﻘﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻤﯽرﺳﺪ. ﯾﮑﯽ از راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮدن ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮدن ﺑﻬﺮهوري ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت زراﻋﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﯽ در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 96- 95 در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﺧﺮم آﺑﺎد، دوره ﭼﮕﻨﯽ و ﮐﻮﻫﺪﺷﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﻬﺮه وري ﻓﯿﺮﯾﮑﯽ آب و ﺣﺠﻢ آب ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ در ﮐﺸﺖ ﮐﻠﺰا اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﺮخ ﺑﻬﺮهوري ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ آب در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداران ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﭘﺮوژه، ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﮐﻠﺰا ﺑﺮاﺑﺮاﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ 0/5 و ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ 0/67 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 0/613 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ آب ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ در ﻃﻮل ﻓﺼﻞ رﺷﺪ آن در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﺧﺮم آﺑﺎد، دوره ﭼﮕﻨﯽ و ﮐﻮﻫﺪﺷﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ 3588و 2971 و 3428ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر مي باشد

Water scarcity as a limiting factor, vegetation growth and development for arid and semi-arid regions is considered as an inherent limitation for these climates. Due to heavy droughts in the last two decades in Lorestan province as well as excessive water consumption in the agricultural sector caused The issue of water efficiency in the agricultural sector in this province is important and needs many studies. Water resources in the world are limited an‎d due to population growth an‎d the demand for food and water for agricultural production will increase. On the other hand due to the virtual water trade Which is intended as a new solution Dealing with water scarcity is important, producing products that are produced with high water demand, It does not make sense in areas facing a water crisis. One of the ways to increase water use efficiency in agriculture is to increase the physical productivity of crops. For this, a study in the 2016-2017 crop year in the cities of Khorramabad, Durachegni and Kuhdasht have been studied to study the physical productivity of water and the volume of water used in canola cultivation. The results of this study showed that the average rate of physical water productivity in the management conditions of the operators covered by the project, For canola, it is equal to a minimum of 0.5 and a maximum of 0.67