تاثير اختلاط آب زهكش در آبياري مزارع نيشكر بر خصوصيات خاك

The effect of mixing drainage water on irrigation of sugarcane fields on soil properties

اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آبﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺪﯾﺪﭘﺬﯾﺮ در اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ و ﯾﮑﯽ از اﯾﻦ آبﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺠﺪد از آب زﻫﮑﺸﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. وﺟﻮد ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺰرگ در ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻋﻈﯿﻤﯽ زه آب ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮔﺮدد. زﻫﺎب ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اراﺿﯽ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻨﺒﻊ آب ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮهاي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺧﺘﻼط آن ﺑﺎ آب ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻠﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﭘﺪﯾﺪ آورد. ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺑﺪ آب ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﮔﯿﺎه را ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ، ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺧﺎك را ﻫﻢ دﭼﺎر ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﻟﺬا اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ اﺧﺘﻼط آب زﻫﮑﺶ و آب آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﺧﺎك در ﻣﺰارع ﻧﯿﺸﮑﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ و ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺣﮑﯿﻢ ﻓﺎراﺑﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. دو ﻗﻄﻌﻪ زﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺠﺰا ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ و ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﯾﮑﺴﺎن)ﺳﯿﻠﺘﯽ ﮐﻠﯽ( اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ W3-6 ﺑﺎ آب ﮐﺎرون و ﻣﺰرﻋﻪي 12-S2 ﺑﺎ آب اﺧﺘﻼط، آﺑﯿﺎري ﺷﺪ. در ﻃﻮل دوره رﺷﺪ ﻧﯿﺸﮑﺮ ﮐﻪ از ﻓﺮوردﯾﻦ ﺗﺎ ﺷﻬﺮﯾﻮر ﻣﺎه ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﺣﺪود 20راﻧﺪ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ آﺑﯽ ﻣﻌﺎدل 1200ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ در ﻫﺮ راﻧﺪ در ﻫﺮ ﻫﮑﺘﺎر آﺑﯿﺎري ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آب ﺷﻮر ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦ، 1000 ﺑﻪ 8000 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ اﺧﺘﻼط ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﺎزهاي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ آب زﻫﮑﺶ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻧﺎل آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ 12-S2 ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد اﺛﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺮ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ و pH ﺧﺎك در ﺳﻄﺢ 5 درﺻﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد.

Population growth is the most important factor in increasing the use of renewable water in Iran and one of these waters is the reuse of drainage water. Existence of several large industrial crops in Khuzestan has caused a huge volume of water to be produced. Drainage from agricultural lands is a potential source of water that can be mixed with freshwater rivers to create actual water sources for agriculture.Poor water quality not only affects the plant, but also alters the soil structure.Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of the effect of mixing drainage water and irrigation water on soil properties in sugarcane fields of Hakim Farabi agro-industry. Two separate plots with the same texture and conditions were selected.Farm W3-6 was irrigated with Karun water and farm S2-12 was irrigated with mixed water. During the growing period of sugarcane, which is from April to September; About 20 irrigation rounds with a water volume of 1200 cubic meters per irrigation per hectare were irrigated.The ratio of saline to fresh water was mixed to 1000 to 8000 liters. For this purpose, a structure was constructed to combine drainage water to irrigation canal for S2-12 farm. The results showed that the effect of different irrigation treatments on electrical conductivity and soil pH was significant at 5% level.