ارزيابي معادلات مختلف نفوذ تحت برخي از بافت‌هاي خاك ارائه شده در مدل HYDRUS

Evaluation of different infiltration equations under some soil textures presented in HYDRUS model

ﻧﻔﻮذ آب ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎك ﯾﮑﯽ از ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ در ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺳـﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري و زﻫﮑﺸـﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷـﺪ. ﻣﺸـﮑﻼت اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﻧﻔﻮذ، ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ ﻧﻔﻮذ را ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎي ﺷـﺒﯿﻪﺳـﺎزي ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﻣﯽﺳـﺎزد. ﻫﺪف اﺻـﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﮐﻮﺳـﺘﯿﺎﮐﻮف-ﻟﻮﺋﯿﺲ، ﻓﯿﻠﯿﭗ و ﻫﻮرﺗﻮن( در آﺑﯿﺎري ﺳـﻄﺤﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪل HYDRUS ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻧﻔﻮذ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﯽ ﯾﮏ ﺑﻌﺪي و دو ﺑﻌـﺪي ـﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در رﻃﻮﺑـﺖ اوﻟﯿـﻪ ﺧـﺎك )ﻗﺒـﻞ از آﺑﯿـﺎري( و ـﺑﺎر آﺑﯽ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺧـﺎك )ﻫﻨﮕـ ﺎم آﺑﯿـﺎري( ـﺑﺎ اﺳــﺘﻔـﺎده از ﺣـﻞ ﻣﻌـﺎدـﻟﻪ رﯾﭽـﺎردز )ﻣـﺪل HYDRUS( ﺷـﺒﯿﻪﺳـﺎزي ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﭘﻨﺞ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺧﺎك ﺑﺮاﺳـﺎس ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه داده ﻣﺪل HYDRUS ﺑﺮاي ﺷـﺒﯿﻪﺳـﺎزي ﻧﻔﻮذ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪ. ﻣﺪل ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﯿﮑﯽ ﺧﺎك اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺷـﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزي، ﻣﺪل ون ﮔﻨﺨﺘﻦ )1980( ﺑﻮد. ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ ﻣﺪل HYDRUS )ﻧﻔﻮذ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ زﻣﺎن( ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﺑﺰار Solverﻧﺮماﻓﺰار اﮐﺴﻞ 2016ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻔﻮذ در ﺷـﺒﯿﻪﺳـﺎزيﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺳـﻄﺤﯽ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﻧﻔﻮذ ﮐﻮﺳﺘﯿﺎﮐﻮف-ﻟﻮﺋﯿﺲ و ﻓﯿﻠﯿﭗ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﺎي ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﮐﻞ 1/5 و 3/5درﺻـﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ داراي ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﺑﺪﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد را در ﺑﺮآورد ﻣﻘﺪار آب ﻧﻔﻮذ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎك داﺷـﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ آﻣﺪه ﭘﯿﺸـﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽﺷـﻮد در ﺳـﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري ﺳـﻄﺤﯽ از ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﮐﻮﺳـﺘﯿﺎﮐﻮف-ﻟﻮﺋﯿﺲ ﮐﻪ داراي ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد در ﺑﺮآورد ﻣﻘﺪار ﻧﻔﻮذ اﺳـﺖ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدد

Infiltration is one of the important parameters in the management and design of irrigation and drainage systems. Infiltration measurement problems make it reasonable to estimate it using simulation models. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of different infiltration equations (Kostiakov-Lewis, Philip and Horton) in surface irrigation using the HYDRUS model. For this purpose, one-dimensional and two-dimensional cumulative infiltration was simulated by changing the initial soil water (before irrigation) and water head (during irrigation) using the Richards equation (HYDRUS model). Five soil textures based on the HYDRUS model database were considered for infiltration simulation. The cumulative infiltration depth, with respect to time, was used to develop different infiltration equations using the Microsoft Excel 2016 (Solver tool). Investigation of the performance of different infiltration equations in different simulations of surface irrigation showed that The Kostiakov-Lewis and Philip equations penetration with absolute total error of 1.5% and 3.5%, respectively, had the best and worst performance in estimating the amount of penetration. According to the obtained results, it is suggested to use Kostiakov-Lewis infiltration equation in surface irrigation systems, which has the best performance in estimating the amount of infiltration. Infiltration is one of the important parameters in the management and design of irrigation and drainage systems. Infiltration measurement problems make it reasonable to estimate it using simulation models. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of different infiltration equations (Kostiakov-Lewis, Philip and Horton) in surface irrigation using the HYDRUS model. For this purpose, one-dimensional and two-dimensional cumulative infiltration was simulated by changing the initial soil water (before irrigation) and water head (during irrigation) using the Richards equation (HYDRUS model). Five soil textures based on the HYDRUS model database were considered for infiltration simulation. The cumulative infiltration depth, with respect to time, was used to develop different infiltration equations using the Microsoft Excel 2016 (Solver tool). Investigation of the performance of different infiltration equations in different simulations of surface irrigation showed that The Kostiakov-Lewis and Philip equations penetration with absolute total error of 1.5% and 3.5%, respectively, had the best and worst performance in estimating the amount of penetration. According to the obtained results, it is suggested to use Kostiakov-Lewis infiltration equation in surface irrigation systems, which has the best performance in estimating the amount of infiltration.