ارزيابي سيستم آبياري قطره اي در منطقه گچساران

Evaluation of drip irrigation systems in Gachsaran region

آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮهاي ﯾﮑﯽ از اﻧﻮاع آﺑﯿﺎري ﻣﻮﺿﻌﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﭘﺮﺑﺎزدهﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﻧﻮاع ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮهاي ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼف آﺑﯿﺎري ﺳﻄﺤﯽ و ﺑﺎراﻧﯽ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﮐﻮد را ﻧﯿﺰ ﻫﻤﺮاه آب، ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎي ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎه و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺑﺎزده اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮐﻮد ﮔﺮدد. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ 5ﻃﺮح آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮهاي در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﮔﭽﺴﺎران ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ AELQ ،EU ،CU ،DUو PELQﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪام از ﻃﺮحﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮهاي ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﻮده، ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان DUو CUﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮحﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺑﻬﺘﺮي را از ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮهاي ﺧﻮد داﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻃﺮحﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﺮﮐﺰي ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺗﻪﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ و اﻧﺴﺪاد در ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ و ﻗﻄﺮه ﭼﮑﺎنﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮهاي ﺧﻮد ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. در ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮه اي ﻃﺮحﻫﺎ، ﮐﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﺑﻮد، ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات دﺑﯽ و ﻓﺸﺎر ﻟﺘﺮال ﻫﺎ در ﻃﻮل ﻣﺎﻧﯿﻔﻠﺪ، اﯾﻦ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻟﺘﺮال ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ از اﺑﺘﺪا و اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﺎﻧﯿﻔﻠﺪ ﻣﻨﺸﻌﺐ ﻣﯽﺷﺪﻧﺪ، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻓﺸﺎر و دﺑﯽ در آنﻫﺎ ﺧﯿﻠﯽ زﯾﺎد ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان CU و DU در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮهاي ﻣﯽﺷﺪ.

Drip irrigation, which is known as a trickle irrigation system, is also considered as the most efficient water application system. Drip irrigation can deliver water and chemicals more precisely and uniformly at a higher frequency of application than furrow and sprinkler irrigation. It can increase the yield and revenue, reduce water and fertilizer costs, and decrease cultural cost as compared with other irrigation methods. In this research, 5 gardens with their drip irrigation systems were evaluated. Then, DU, CU, EU, AELQ and PELQ parameters were measured for them. Results showed that the suitable management and protection from drip irrigation systems are very important whereas it will be ended to high CU and DU in plan. Also, the absence of Central Control System in plans caused sedimentation in system and clogging of pipes and drippers. With analysis of pressure and discharge variations curve of lateral pipe along manifold pipe, it was clear that in the laterals divided from beginning and end of manifold pipe, the pressure and discharge variations were very high that was caused the decrease in DU and CU in drip irrigation system.