محاسبه بهره وري فيزيكي و حجم آب مصرفي در كشت چغندرقند و تاثير آن بر آب هاي زيرزميني در شرايط خشكسالي شهرستان كوهدشت

Physical productivity and volume of water Calculation used in sugar‌ beet cultivation and its effect on groundwater in drought conditions of Kuhdasht city of Iran

ﮐﻤﺒﻮد آب در آﯾﻨﺪه، دﻧﯿﺎ را ﺑﺎ ﺑﺤﺮان ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﮐﺮد. از دﯾﺮﺑﺎز ﻣﺼﺮف آب در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺰرگﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﯽ آب، ذﻫﻦ ﺧﯿﻠﯽ از دﺳﺖ اﻧﺪرﮐﺎران ﺣﻮزه ﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد ﻣﺸﻐﻮل ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل آن ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ-ﻫﺎﯾﯽ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﻬﺮهوري و ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ آن اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺸﮏﺳﺎﻟﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪد در دو ده اﺧﯿﺮ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﯿﺶ از ﺣﺪ آب در ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺑﻬﺮهوري آب در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﺸﺎورزي در اﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن، ﻣﻬﻢ و ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﯽ در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 96-97در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﻮﻫﺪﺷﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﻬﺮهوري ﻓﯿﺮﯾﮑﯽ آب و ﺣﺠﻢ آب ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ در ﮐﺸﺖ ﭼﻐﻨﺪر ﻗﻨﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﺮخ ﺑﻬﺮهوري ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ آب در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداران ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﭘﺮوژه، ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﭼﻐﻨﺪر ﻗﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮاﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ 6/06ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ و ﺣﺠﻢ آب ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ در ﻃﻮل ﻓﺼﻞ رﺷﺪ آن ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ 14841ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﭘﺮوژه و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪﻫﺎي دﻗﯿﻖ در ﺟﻬﺖ ارﺗﻘﺎي ﺑﻬﺮه وري و ﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ آب ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداران اراﺋﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ.

Water scarcity will face the world with a crisis of water resources management in the future. Water consumption in the agricultural, as the largest demand for water, has main roll in decision of many stakeholders in the economic, social and political fields. Nevertheless, research on its efficiency and effectiveness were done. On the other hand, due to droughts in the last two decades in Lorestan province of Iran and also the excessive consumption of water in agriculture, the issue of water efficiency in the agricultural is important and needs several studies. For this reason, a study was conducted to investigate the physical productivity of water and the volume of water used in sugar beet cultivation in the 2018-19 years in the city of Kuhdasht. The results of this study showed that the average rate of physical water productivity in the management conditions of the beneficiaries covered by the project, for sugar beet crop is equal to 6.06 kg per cubic meter and the volume of water consumed during the growing season is equal to 14841 cubic meters. At the end of the project and according to the obtained results, detailed recommendations were provided to the users in order to improve productivity and reduce the volume of water consumed.