تحليل مؤلفه‌هاي تأثيرگذار در توسعه پايدار شهري (مطالعه موردي: مناطق پنج‌گانه شهر زاهدان)

Analysis of Factors Affecting Sustainable Urban Development (Case study: five region of city Zahedan)

به دﻧﺒﺎل وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎك ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ، ﺑﺤﺚ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮫ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار و ﺗﻮﺟﮫ ﺟﺪي ﺑﮫ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﺑﺎ ﮐﻨﻔﺮاﻧﺲ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻠﻞ ﻣﺘﺤﺪ ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮن ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ در ﺳﺎل 1972 در اﺳﺘﮑﮭﻠﻢ ﺳﻮﺋﺪ ﺷﺮوع ﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوھﺶ، ﺑﮫ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﮫھﺎي ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮫ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺷﮭﺮي در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﻨﺞﮔﺎﻧﮫ ﺷﮭﺮ زاھﺪان ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﻧﻮع آن ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي اﺳﺖ. روش ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﭘﮋوھﺶ، دو روش ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﮫ اي و ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮫ آﻣﺎري، ﺷﮭﺮوﻧﺪان ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﻨﺞﮔﺎﻧﮫ ﺷﮭﺮ زاھﺪان 587730 ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﮫ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان، 384 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﮫ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ و ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﮭﺮوﻧﺪان ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﮫ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﮫﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺧﻮﺷﮫ اي ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺟﮭﺖ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﮭﺮ زاھﺪان از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺھﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮫ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﺗﺎﭘﺴﯿﺲ ﻓﺎزي )FTOPSIS( و ﺟﮭﺖ وزندھﯽ ﺑﮫ ﺷﺎﺧﺺھﺎ از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠه ﻣﺮاﺗﺒﯽ ﻓﺎزي )FAHP( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﺗﺎﭘﺴﯿﺲ ﻓﺎزي ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدھﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﻨﺞ ﮔﺎﻧﮫ ﺷﮭﺮ زاھﺪان از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺھﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌه ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺷﮭﺮي در ﯾﮏ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻗﺮار ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ و از ﯾﮏ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﮫ زﯾﺎدي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردارﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮجه به ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻣﻨﻄﻘه 1 در رﺗﺒﮫ اول و ﻣﻨﻄﻘه 4 در رﺗﺒﮫ آﺧﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮفته اﺳﺖ.

Following the dangerous state of the natural environment and sustainable development, the discussion of sustainable development and serious attention to environmental issues began with the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in 1972 in Stockholm, Sweden. The result of the commission's work was "Our Common Future", which links development and the environment. Therefore, in this thesis, it was attempted to analyze the factors affecting sustainable urban development in the five regions of Zahedan. The research method is descriptive-analytical and its type is applied-developmental. The method of data collection required is two methods of documentary and field research. The population of the study consisted of all citizens living in the five districts of Zahedan, the total population of which is 587730 according to the latest census. Sample size was calculated based on Cochran formula, 384 samples and then based on the population of each region, the questionnaires were distributed among the citizens of the regions using simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using various tests such as one-way ANOVA and one-sample t-test. Also, fuzzy TOPSIS model (FTOPSIS) was used to prioritize areas of Zahedan in terms of sustainable development indices and fuzzy hierarchical analysis (FAHP) was used to weight the indices. The results of the fuzzy TOPSIS technique show that the five areas of Zahedan are not at an appropriate level in terms of urban sustainable development indicators and are far apart. According to the results, area 1 with topsis value of 1.000 had the highest weight and was ranked first; and area 4 had the least weight of 0.000 and it ranks last among Zahedan's five districts. Also Region 2 with TOPSIS value of 0.671, Region 5 with TOPSIS value of 0.580 and Region 3 with TOPSIS value of 0.440 were ranked second to fourth, respectively. Also, the results of analysis of variance analysis show that there is a significant difference among Zahedan urban areas in terms of Sustainable Urban Development Indicators, meaning that the status of each of the Sustainable Urban Development Indicators is not the same among urban areas. . The highest mean difference between Zahedan city in terms of physical index and the lowest mean difference between Zahedan city in terms of economic and social index according to F test value (56/73) indicates that the status of economic and social index in Zahedan Among the areas of Zahedan, there is the least difference.