كليدواژه :
ﺑﺎزار رﺳﺎﻧﯽ , ﺻﺎدرات ﻏﯿﺮﻧﻔﺘﯽ , ﮔﺮﻣﺴﯿﺮي , ﮔﻠﮑﺎري , ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ , گل بريدني رز
چكيده فارسي :
ﻻزﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﮔﻠﮑﺎري ﮐﺸﻮر ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ از ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﻨﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ، ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻓﻨﺎوري ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ، ﻓﻨﺎوري روز در ﭘﺮورش و وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﺎزارﯾﺎﺑﯽ ارﺗﺒﺎط دارد. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﻞ ﺑﺮﯾﺪﻧﯽ رز در دو ﻣﺮﮐﺰ اﺻﻠﯽ ﭘﺮورش اﯾﻦ ﮔﻞ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن، ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اﻧﺪﯾﻤﺸﮏ و دزﻓﻮل، ﺗﻼش ﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ و ﺟﻤﻊآوري داده از ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ، روشﻫﺎي ﭘﺮورش و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﮔﻞ ﺑﺮﯾﺪﻧﯽ رز، ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﭘﺮورشدﻫﻨﺪﮔﺎن، ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدﻫﺎﯾﯽ در راﺳﺘﺎي اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺑﻬﺮهوري از ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ اراﺋﻪ ﮔﺮدد. دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از 60 ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺠﺎري ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﮔﻞ رز ﺑﻪ روش ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ و از راه ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ و ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺟﻬﺎد ﮐﺸﺎورزي اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در 45/2 و 34/6% از ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﻧﺪﯾﻤﺸﮏ و دزﻓﻮل، ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻦ و ﭘﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ 50/2 و 40/9% از ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﻧﺪﯾﻤﺸﮏ و دزﻓﻮل از ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺨﺎري اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ از راه ﺑﺎز و ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﮐﺮدن درﯾﭽﻪﻫﺎ، ﺑﺮاي ﮐﻢ ﮐﺮدن دﻣﺎ در ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دﻣﺎ در زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺮاي اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﻌﺎدل دﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺑﯿﺮون اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آﺑﯿﺎري در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﻧﺪﯾﻤﺸﮏ 40/2% ﺛﻘﻠﯽ، 29/7 % ﻏﺮﻗﺎﺑﯽ، 19/8% ﻗﻄﺮهاي و 10/3%ﻫﯿﺪروﭘﻮﻧﯿﮏ و در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي دزﻓﻮل 86/1% آﺑﯿﺎري ﺟﻮي ﭘﺸﺘﻪ و 12% ﻗﻄﺮهاي اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 49/6 و 50/1% ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﻧﺪﯾﻤﺸﮏ و دزﻓﻮل داراي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺳﺎزه ﻓﻠﺰي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮔﻞ ﺑﺮﯾﺪﻧﯽ رز در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اﻧﺪﯾﻤﺸﮏ و دزﻓﻮل ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 120 و 130 ﻫﺰار ﻋﺪد در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻮد و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎزار ﻓﺮوش را ﺑﺎزار ﻣﺤﻠﯽ و ﺗﻬﺮان ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽداد و ﺻﺎدرات آنﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎرج از ﮐﺸﻮر از راه ﺑﺎزار ﺗﻬﺮان ﺻﻮرت ﻣﯽﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ 9/9 و 12% از ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اﻧﺪﯾﻤﺸﮏ و دزﻓﻮل داراي ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻼت داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﺳﻨﺘﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي روشﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﯾﻦ ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ، آﺑﯿﺎري و ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﮔﻞ اﻣﺮي ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
Floriculture is one of the most laborious agricultural activities, which according to most experts in this field, success is involved in factors such as greenhouse technology, modern technology in cultivation, marketing situation. To develop the floriculture of Iran, it is necessary to change production from the traditional methods to the new methods. The two cities of Andimeshk and Dezful are the main producers of rose cut-flowers in Khuzestan province. In this study, by field investigation and collecting data from the structure and control of environmental conditions of the greenhouse, methods of growing and maintenance of rose cut flowers, yield, conditions of growers in these two cities, present suggestions to increase yield. The data were collected from 60 commercial greenhouses producing roses in a completely randomized and referral to Agricultural Organization of Khuzestan Province. The results showed that the cooling system in 45% of Andimeshk greenhouses and 35% of Dezful greenhouses was fan and pad system. It was found that 50% and 41% of Andimeshk and Dezful greenhouses use Polar systems respectively and opening and closing the valves for temperature balance were usual. The results of irrigation system showed that the Andimeshk greenhouses used 40% gravity, 30% flooding, 20% drip and 10% hydroponics and Dezful greenhouses used 86% atmospheric stack irrigation and 14% drip irrigation. According to the obtained results, it was found that 50% of Andimeshk and Dezful greenhouses have a plastic cover with metal structures. The average annual production of cut flowers in Andimeshk and Dezful was 120,000 and 130,000, respectively. Also, the main markets for selling cut-flowers of roses were the local sales market and Tehran, and their export abroad was done through the Tehran market. The obtained results showed that 10% of the producers of Andimeshk city and 12% of the greenhouse producers of Dezful city have academic education. In conclusion, most greenhouse management operations are performed traditionally and the use of new methods; especially in cooling, irrigation and feeding systems to increase the yield and quality of flowers is essential. It is also suggested that introductory courses in the field of greenhouse management and breeding and maintenance be seriously considered.
