تبين تاثير مشاغل خانگي بر ساختار اقتصادي از ديدگاه روستاييان با رويكرد مدل سازي معادلات‌ ساختاري (مطالعه موردي: مناطق روستايي استان اصفهان)

Explaining the effect of home-based businesses on economic structure from the perspective of villagers with a structural equation modeling approach (Case study: rural areas of Isfahan province)

ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ در راﺳﺘﺎي ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎري آنﻫﺎ و ﻋﺪم ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺑﺎ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ آن ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در راﺳﺘﺎي اﺷﺘﻐﺎل ﭘﺎﯾﺪار و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ آن ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار، ﺑﺎ ارزش ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﯽ ﮐﻪ داراي ﺗﻌﺪاد زﯾﺎد روﺳﺘﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ زﯾﺎد و اﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﺪون درآﻣﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ، از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن اﺻﻔﻬﺎن، از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﺴﺰاﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎر اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزي ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻫﺪف از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮدي و ﺑـﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﻋﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻠﯿﮥ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن ﺷﺎﻏﻞ در ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ اﺳـﺘﺎن اﺻـﻔﻬﺎن ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ اﻋﻠﺎم ﻣﺮﮐﺰ آﻣﺎر اﯾﺮان در آﺑﺎن ﺳﺎل 1395 ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 296581 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮدهاﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺣﺠـﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ آﻣﺎري اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 384 ﺧﺎﻧﻮار ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪ. در اداﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫـﺎ در ﺑﯿﻦ اﻓﺮاد 95 روﺳﺘﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺳﺎل 1398 اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻧـﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه ﻫﺮ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﺪل اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﺪل ﭘﻨﺞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ دوم ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﺑـﻮد. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾـﺖ روﻧـﻖ ﺗﻮﻟﯿـﺪ )0/3(، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري)0/18(، ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻓﻀﺎي ﮐﺴﺐوﮐﺎر)0/66(، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺪﻫﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن )0/46( و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت )0/22( از ﺑﺎرﻫـﺎي ﻋـﺎﻣﻠﯽ را ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﻮد. ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدﻣﯽﮔﺮدد ﺑﺮاي رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ اﺷﺘﻐﺎل ﭘﺎﯾﺪار و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ آن ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ، ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ در اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿـﺮد ﺗـﺎ در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي روﺳﺘﺎ اﺛﺮات ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ و ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد روﻧﻖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻓﻀﺎي ﮐﺴـﺐوﮐﺎر، ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﺑـﺪﻫﯽ روﺳـﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن و ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت ﺑﻮد.

Home-based businesses in rural areas are very important for their survival and non-migration, and its study can be valuable for sustainable employment and, consequently, sustainable development. This is very important in areas with a large number of villages with a large population and often without a fixed income, including rural areas of Isfahan province. The purpose of this article is the effect of home-based businesses on economic structure from the perspective of villagers with a structural equation modeling approach. The present research is applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-causal research in nature. The statistical population of the study includes all villagers working in home-based businesses in Isfahan province, which according to the Statistics Center of Iran in November 2016 was 296581 people. Cochran's formula was used to calculate the statistical sample size, based on which the sample size is equal to 384 households were estimated. Then, using probabilistic sampling method, questionnaires were distributed among 95 villages in Isfahan province that were randomly selected in 1398. The results show that the measured validity of all five measurement models as well as the second-order five-factor model is acceptable for surveying home-based businesses. Finally, production boom (0.30), increase in investment (0.18), improvement of business environment (0.66), reduction of villagers' debt (0.46) and reduction of migration (0.22) are among the factor burdens. Explains