واكاوي موانع و محدوديت هاي توانمندسازي اقتصادي خانوارهاي روستايي (مطالعه موردي: بخش هاي مركزي و زبرخان در شهرستان نيشابور)

Analysis of Barriers and Limitations to Economic Empowerment of Rural Households (Case study: Central and Zebarkhan Districts in Neyshabur County)

ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزي ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ، ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﻫﺪاﻓﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺗﻤﺎم ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ روﺳـﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﻣـﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗـﺮار ﻣـﯽﮔﯿـﺮد. زﯾـﺮا دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺪون ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزي اﻗﺸﺎر ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﻣﮑﺎنﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. ﻟـﺬا در اﯾـﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ ﺗﻠـﺎش ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ ﺗـﺎ ﻣﻮاﻧـﻊ و ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﺮح در ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﮐﺰي و زﺑﺮﺧﺎن ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﯿﺸﺎﺑﻮر ﻣﻮرد ﮐﻨﮑﺎش ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ـ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﺳﻨﺎدي و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﻓﺮم ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﺎﮐﻦ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ در ﺳﺎل 1395 )33041 ﺧﺎﻧﻮار(، ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ را ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ و ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان، 373 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳـﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮار ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻃﻠﺎﻋﺎت، از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺪل ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺒﯽ )AHP( و ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧـﺮماﻓـﺰار Expert Choice و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري و ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰارﻫﺎي SPSS و ArcGIS اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮔﻮﯾﺎي آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در 49/3 درﺻﺪ از ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ و ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﺮح در ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، در ﺣﺪ زﯾﺎد ﯾﺎ ﺧﯿﻠﯽ زﯾﺎد ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷـﺪ. از ﻃﺮف دﯾﮕﺮ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬاري ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻄﺮح در ﺑـﺮوز ﯾـﺎ ﺗﺸـﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻮاﻧـﻊ و ﻣﺤـﺪودﯾﺖﻫـﺎي ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳـﺎزي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﺆﯾﺪ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﺒﻮد ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎي ﺷﻐﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺿـﺮﯾﺐ 0/17، ﭘـﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑـﻮدن درآﻣﺪ و ﻋﺪم اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن از ﺛﺒﺎت آن ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ 0/16 و ﺿﻌﻒ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮدن روشﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ 0/05، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿـﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔـﺬارﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ در ﺑﺮوز ﯾﺎ ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ و ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﯽآﯾﻨﺪ.

Empowerment of rural households is one of the most important goals in all rural development plans as it is impossible to achieve without empowering the less affluent segments of society. Therefore, this research attempted to investigate the barriers and limitations to economic empowerment of rural households in the Central and Zeberkhan Districts of Nishapur County. The research method was a descriptive-analytic documentary field research. The required data were collected by completing village and household questionnaires and completing the field observation form. Rural households living in the study area (33041 households) constitute the statistical population of this study and the sample size has been determined using the Cochran's formula, 373 heads of households. Data analysis was performed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique by Expert Choice software. Statistical and spatial analyses were carried out by SPSS and ArcGIS. The findings showed that there were sever or extremely sever barriers and limitations to the economic empowerment of 49.3% of the studied households. On the other hand, the results of comparing the average level of influence of the factors in the occurrence or intensification of barriers and limitations of economic empowerment of rural households confirm that indicators related to the lack of job opportunities with a coefficient of 0.1733, low income and uncertainty of its stability with a coefficient of 0.1661 and the weakness of resources and the inadequacy of production methods with a coefficient of 0.0501, are the most influential factors in the occurrence or intensification of obstacles and restrictions, respectively.