راهبردهاي مطلوب افزايش مشاركت سهامداران در احياي قنوات (مطالعه موردي: روستاهاي شهرستان نيشابور)

Optimal strategies to increase stakeholder participation in rehabilitating canals (Case study: Villages of Neishabour county)

آب ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻨﺼﺮ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﺣﯿﺎت و وﺟﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار، ﺳﺮﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﺑﺤﺮان ﭼﻨﺪوﺟﻬﯽ ﻧﯿﻢﻗﺮن آﯾﻨﺪه ﺑﻪﺷـﻤﺎر ﻣـﯽرود. ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ آب در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻧﯿﺰ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﺑﯽ ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ، اﺣﯿﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﺑﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ. ازآﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﻗﻨﺎت ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰم ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺳﻬﺎﻣﺪاران در ﺣﻔﻆ و اﺣﯿﺎي آن اﺳﺖ، ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در ﺗﻠﺎش اﺳـﺖ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫـﺎي اﺟﺮاﯾـﯽ ﻣﻄﻠـﻮب ﻣﺸـﺎرﮐﺖ ﺳﻬﺎﻣﺪاران در اﺣﯿﺎء ﻗﻨﻮات را ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠـﯽ ﺑـﻮده و از دو اﺑـﺰار ﻣـﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ اﺳـﺘﺮاﺗﮋﯾﮏ SWOT-QSPM اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. واﺣﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ 74 ﺳﻬﺎﻣﺪار ﻗﻨﺎت و 26 ﻣﺪﯾﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ )در ﺳﺎل 1398( آﺷﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ داﺧﻠﯽ و ﺧـﺎرﺟﯽ ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ در ﭘـﻨﺞ روﺳـﺘﺎي ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺮﮐﺰي و زﺑﺮﺧﺎن ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﯿﺸﺎﺑﻮر اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻪ اﺣﯿﺎي ﻗﻨﺎت ﺧﻮد ﺷﺪه و ﺑـﻪ روش ﮔﻠﻮﻟـﻪ ﺑﺮﻓـﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﯾﯽ ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑـﺮ اﺳـﺎس ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ، 13 ﻗﻮت و ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺰﯾﺖ و 16 ﺿﻌﻒ و ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ و ﺗﻨﮕﻨـﺎ ﭘـﯿﺶروي ﻣﺸـﺎرﮐﺖ ﺳـﻬﺎﻣﺪاران در اﺣﯿﺎي ﻗﻨﻮات ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و ﻧﻈﺮات دو ﮔﺮوه ﮐﺸﺎورزان ﺳﻬﺎﻣﺪار ﻗﻨﺎت و ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن ﺳﻬﺎﻣﺪار ﻗﻨﺎت در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ در ﻣﻮرد ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ داﺧﻠـﯽ و ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ، در ﻃﯿﻒ ﻟﯿﮑﺮت ﺳﺆال ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد در ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ SWOT ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻣﺘﯿﺎز ﺳـﻬﺎﻣﺪاران ﮐﺸـﺎورز 2/8=IFE و 2=EFE، و اﻣﺘﯿﺎز ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن ﺳﻬﺎﻣﺪار 2/7=IFE و 1/89=EFE، ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺳﻬﺎﻣﺪاران در اﺣﯿﺎي ﻗﻨﺎت، راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي رﻗﺎﺑﺘﯽ-ﺗﻨﻮع ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻔﻆ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري وﺿﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ دارﻧﺪ)ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ-ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ( ﯾﺎ ST ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎ ﺗﻠﺎش ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﺑﻬـﺮهﮔﯿـﺮي از ﻧﻘـﺎط ﻗﻮت داﺧﻠﯽ، ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ. در اداﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ QSPM، ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ راﻫﺒﺮد »ﺑـﻪ رﺳـﻤﯿﺖ ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﯾـﺎرﯾﮕﺮي در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ اﺣﯿﺎء و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻗﻨﺎت از ﺳﻮي دوﻟﺖ« اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﻣﺘﯿﺎز 5/59 را ﮐﺴﺐ ﻧﻤﻮدهاﺳﺖ. زﯾﺮا ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و ﻧﻮع ﻣـﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻗﻨـﺎت ﻣﺴـﺘﻠﺰم ﻫﻤﮑﺎري و ﻫﻤﮕﺮاﯾﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻤﺖآﻣﯿﺰ از آﺑﺨﻮان ﻣﺸﺘﺮك اﺳﺖ. ﻟﺬا ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ اﮔﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻟﺎزم ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑـﺮداران در اﺣﯿﺎء ﻗﻨﺎتﻫﺎ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﻮد و ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯽ آﻧﺎن و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﯾﺎرﯾﮕﺮي در ﺑﯿﻦ آنﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ رﺳﻤﯿﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد، اﺣﯿﺎ و ﺣﻔﻆ و ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﭘﺎﯾﺪار و ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ از ﻗﻨﻮات ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ شد

Water, as an essential element of life and a common feature of the challenges of sustainable development, is the source of the multifaceted crisis of the next half century. Given the importance of water in agricultural development as well as the reduction of water resources in recent years, the restoration of sustainable water resources / aqueducts is essential. Since the optimal performance of the aqueduct requires the participation of shareholders in maintaining and rehabilitating it, the present study tries to identify and present the desired implementation strategies to increase the participation of shareholders in rehabilitating the aqueduct with the help of strategic planning tools. The research method is descriptive-analytical and two SWOT-QSPM tools have been used. The Farmers and Experts Analysis Unit is familiar with the internal and external environment of the aqueduct in connection with the research subject in five villages of the central part and Zirkhan of Neishabour city, which have succeeded in reviving their aqueducts. The sampling method was snowball. Based on exploratory studies, 13 strengths and opportunities were identified as advantages and 16 weaknesses and threats were identified as constraints and bottlenecks in the participation of shareholders in rehabilitating the aqueducts. Identified, questioned on the Likert scale. The results showed that in the SWOT matrix according to the shareholder share of the farmer. IFE = 2.8 and EFE = 2, and the share of shareholder experts. -At least) was found to be optimal. With the help of the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), the most important strategy is "Recognition of assistance in the field of rehabilitation and maintenance of the aqueduct by the government", which has a score of 5.59. It seems that if the necessary ground is provided for the participation of the beneficiaries in the rehabilitation of the aqueducts and their true position is recognized, and the culture of assistance is recognized among them, the sustainable and optimal rehabilitation and maintenance and operation of the aqueducts with the least We will see the cost.