پديد آورندگان :
بابائيان، مهدي مجتمع آموزش عالي شيروان - گروه توليدات گياهي , توسلي، ابوالفضل دانشگاه پيام نور - گروه كشاورزي , صالحي، محمد حسين دانشگاه آزاد واحد علي آباد
كليدواژه :
پتانسي گرمايش جهاني , چغندرقند , روستا , كارايي مصرف انرژي , گازهاي گلخانه اي
چكيده فارسي :
ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ درآﻣﺪ ﮐﺸـﺎورزان ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ روشﻫﺎي زراﻋﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﻮﺧﺖ و اﻧﺮژي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻠﺎوه ﺑﺮ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻓﺴـﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ رﺳـﺎﻧﺪن ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻫﺪﻓﯽ، ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﻣﺼـﺮف اﻧﺮژي و اﻧﺘﺸـﺎر ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪاي در ﻣﺰارع ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ روﺳـﺘﺎي ﺣﺴـﯿﻦ آﺑﺎد ﺷـﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﯿﺮوان، ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 96-97 ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳـﺖ. دادهﻫﺎ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﭘﺮﺳـﺸـﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﭼﻬﺮه ﺑﻪ ﭼﻬﺮه ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷـﺪ و ﻣﺰارع ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼـﺎدﻓﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. وروديﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﻣﺼـﺮف اﻧﺮژي، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﯿﺮوي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ، ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ آﻟﺎت، دﯾﺰل، ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ، ﮐﻮد داﻣﯽ، ﺳﻤﻮم ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ، ﺑﺮق و آب ﺑﻮد و ﺧﺮوﺟﯽﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﮐﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎه را ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﯽﺷــﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸــﺎن داد، ﮐﻞ اﻧﺮژي ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ ﻣﺰارع ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 66879/52 و 1310572/50 ﻣﮕﺎژول در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر اﺳـﺖ. از ﮐﻞ اﻧﺮژي ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ در ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ 38/39 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ، 25/95 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ دﯾﺰل و 12/69 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﺴﯿﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژي 19/59 و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﻬﺮهوري اﻧﺮژي 0/72 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻣﮕﺎژول در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺛﺒﺖ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻣﻮاد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ، ﺳﻮﺧﺖ و اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﺴﯿﺘﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ را در ﺑﯿﻦ وروديﻫﺎي اﻧﺮژي در ﻣﺰارع ﭼﻐﻨﺪر داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ميزان انتشار گاز هايCO2 ، N2O و CH4 به ترتيب 2463/26، 21/02 و 3/26 كيلوگرم در هكتار بود و ميزان پتانسيل گرمايش جهاني اين گاز ها برابر CO2eq ha-1 9048/85 محاسبه گرديد كه از اين مقدار 0/76 درصد آن مربوط بهCH4 ، 27/22 درصد آن مربوط به CO2 و 72/02 درصد آن مربوط به N2O گزارش شد.
چكيده لاتين :
One of the factors increasing farmers' incomes is the proper management of cultivation methods such as reducing fuel and energy consumption. These methods not only save fossil resources, but also minimize bioenvironmental hazards. To achieve this goal, the present research examined the energy use patterns and greenhouse gas emission of sugar beet farms in Hossein abad village of Shirvan city, in 2017-18. Data were collected by using a face-to-face questionnaire. Farms were selected with a random sampling method. In this study, the inputs required for calculating energy use were human labor, machinery, diesel fuel, chemical fertilizers, farmyard manure, biocides, electricity, water, and the output in the calculation of total output energy was plant yield. The results indicated that total energy inputs and outputs was 66879.92 MJ ha-1 and 1310572.50 MJ ha-1, respectively. The 38.39, 25.95 and 12.69 % of total energy consumption in sugar beet production was for the use of chemical fertilizers, diesel and electricity, respectively. Energy use efficiency of 19.59 and energy productivity of 0.72 kg MJ ha-1 were recorded. Chemicals, fuel and electricity played a major role among energy inputs in beet farms. The CO2, N2O and CH4 emissions were 2463.26, 21.02 and 3.26 kg ha-1, respectively. The amount of global warming potential of these gases was also calculated to be 9048.85 CO2eq ha-1, of which 0.76% was related to CH4, 27.22% was related to CO2 and 72.02% was related to N2O.
