تبيين جامعه شناختي اثرپذيري فرهنگ سياسي شهروندان كلانشهراهواز براساس مؤلفه‌هاي فرهنگي قوم گرايي و سنت گرايي

Sociological Explanation of the Impact of Political Culture of Citizens of Ahvaz Metropolis Based on the Cultural Components of Ethnicity and Traditionalism

ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻗﻮم ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ و ﺳﻨﺖ ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ آن در ﮐﻼن ﺷﻬﺮ اﻫﻮاز اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. داده ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ روش ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ 384 ﻧﻔﺮ در ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ 1399، ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ 781091 ﻧﻔﺮي ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان 18 ﺗﺎ 65 ﺳﺎل ﺳﺎﮐﻦ در ﮐﻼن ﺷﻬﺮ اﻫﻮاز ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ اي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ )ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ( ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ارزش ﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، ﻧﮕﺮش ﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و داﻧﺶ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺷﺪ و راﺑﻄﮥ آن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﻮم ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ و ﺳﻨﺖ ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ و ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت اﯾﻨﮕﻠﻬﺎرت، اﻻزار، ﭘﺎول، آﻟﻤﻮﻧﺪ و ورﺑﺎ اﺳﺖ، ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزي و آزﻣﻮن ﺷﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ آن از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ﺑﺮآورد و داده ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از آن ﻧﯿﺰ، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار spss26 و AMOS در دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ از ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻗﻮم ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ و ﺳﻨﺖ ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ، ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺳﻨﺖ ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ ي ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻗﻮم ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ ي ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري دارﻧﺪ. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ در ﺧﺼﻮص راﺑﻄﻪ ي ﻗﻮم ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ و ﺳﻨﺖ ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺑﻌﺎد ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻗﻮم ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ارزش ﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، راﺑﻄﻪ ي ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار و ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺮش ﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و داﻧﺶ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، راﺑﻄﻪ ي ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري دارد. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺳﻨﺖ ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ارزش ﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، راﺑﻄﻪ ي ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار و ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺮش ﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، راﺑﻄﻪ ي ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار دارد، وﻟﯽ ﺳﻨﺖ ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺑﺎداﻧﺶ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، راﺑﻄﮥ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﻧﺪارد.

The present study aims to Sociological explanation of political culture and the components of ethnocentrism and traditionalism affecting it in the metropolis of Ahwaz. The data of this study were collected by survey method from a sample of 384 people who were selected from a population of 781091 citizens aged 18 to 65 years living in the metropolis of Ahwaz by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable (political culture) became operational with three dimensions of political values, political attitudes and political knowledge and its relation to independent variables, including ethnocentrism and traditionalism, which are a combination of the theories of Inglehart, Elazar, Habermas, and Almond Verba; Hypotheses were made and tested. The data collection tool in this study is a questionnaire whose reliability was estimated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the data were analyzed using SPSS26 and AMOS software at both descriptive and inferential levels. Findings showed that between the two variables of ethnocentrism and traditionalism, the variable of traditionalism has a positive relationship with political culture and ethnocentrism has a significant negative relationship with political culture. Also, regarding the relationship between ethnicity and traditionalism and the dimensions of political culture, it was found that ethnocentrism has a significant positive relationship with political values and a significant negative relationship with political attitudes and political knowledge. Traditionalism also has a significant positive relationship with political values and a significant negative relationship with political attitudes, but traditionalism has no significant relationship with political knowledge.