بررسي تطبيقي گفتمان هاي دوران چالش سنت و مدرنيته در ايران و تركيه (با تكيه بر رمان‌هاي ادبي مشهور)

A Comparative Study of the Discourses of the Challenge of Tradition and Modernity in Iran and Turkey (Based on Famous Literary Novels)

ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ از ﻧﮕﺎرش اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ دو رﻣﺎن ﮐﻠﯿﺪر و ﺳﻪ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ اﯾﻨﺠﻪ ﻣﻤﺪ )اﯾﻨﺠﻪ ﻣﻤـﺪ، ﺷﺎﻫﯿﻦ آﻧﺎوراز، ﺑﮕﺬار ﺧﺎرﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺴﻮزد( اﺳﺖ. رﻣﺎن ﮐﻠﯿﺪر و ﺳﻪ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ اﯾﻨﺠﻪ ﻣﻤﺪ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎً در ﯾﮏ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ واﺣﺪ در دو ﮐﺸﻮر اﯾﺮان و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد دوﻟﺖ آﺑﺎدي و ﯾﺎﺷﺎر ﮐﻤﺎل ﺑﻪ رﺷـﺘﻪ ي ﺗﺤﺮﯾـ ﺮ درآﻣﺪه اﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﺳﺆال ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ آﺛﺎر ﻣﺪرن ﺷﺪن ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ي روﺳـﺘ ﺎﯾﯽ در ﺗﺮﮐﯿﻪ و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي آن در رﻣﺎن اﯾﻨﺠﻪ ﻣﻤﺪ و آﺛﺎر ﻣﺪرن ﺷﺪن ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ در اﯾﺮان و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي آن در رﻣﺎن ﮐﻠﯿﺪر ﺑﻪ ﭼﻪ ﺻﻮرﺗﯽ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ؟ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺳﺆال ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﻈﺮي ﺳﻨﺖ و ﻣﺪرﻧﯿﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ آراي ﮔﯿﺪﻧﺰ و ﺑﺎ روش ﮐﯿﻔﯽِ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي اﯾﻦ دو رﻣﺎن ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﻫﺮ دو رﻣﺎن ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ارﺑﺎب - رﻋﯿﺘﯽ، ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﻏﺎﻟﺐ اﺳﺖ، در ﻫﺮ دو رﻣﺎن ﺑﺎ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﻣﺮدﺳﺎﻻراﻧﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ دوي اﯾﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﻫﺎ در زﻣﺮه ي ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﺘﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. در رﻣﺎن ﮐﻠﯿﺪر ﺑﺎ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﻣﺪرن اﺣﺰاب ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺰب ﺗﻮده ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ. اﺻﻼﺣﺎت رﺿﺎﺧﺎﻧﯽ در رﻣﺎن ﮐﻠﯿﺪر، ﺑﯿﺶ از اﺻﻼﺣﺎت آﺗﺎﺗﻮرﮐﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ اﯾﻨﺠﻪ ﻣﻤﺪ، ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ اﺳﺖ و آﺛﺎر ﻣﺪرن ﺷﺪن ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ در رﻣﺎن ﮐﻠﯿﺪر ﺑﯿﺶ از آﺛﺎر ﻣﺪرن ﺷﺪن ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ در ﺳﻪ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ اﯾﻨﺠﻪ ﻣﻤﺪ اﺳﺖ.

The main purpose of writing this article is a comparative study of the two novels of Kelidar and trilogy of Ince Memed (Ince Memed, My Hawk, They Burn the Thistles), The novel Kelidar and the trilogy of Ince Memed were written by Mahmoud Dolatabadi and Yashar Kamal at the same time in Iran and Turkey. To achieve this goal, the question was raised that how are the effects of the modernization of rural society in Turkey and its consequences in the novel Ince Memed and the effects of modernization of rural society in Iran and its consequences in the novel Kelidar stated? To answer this question, based on the theoretical framework of tradition and modernity, based on Giddens's views, and with a qualitative method of critical discourse analysis, these two novels have been studied. In both novels, the landlord discourse is the dominant discourse. In both novels, we also encounter patriarchal discourse, both of which are among the traditional discourses. In Kelider's novel, we are confronted with the modern discourse of parties relying on the Tudeh Party. Reza Khan's reforms in Kelider's novel are more significant than Atatürk's reforms in Ince Memed trilogy, and the effects of modernization of society in Kelider's novel are more than the effects of modernization of society in Ince Memed trilogy.