پديد آورندگان :
قلي پور، محمدصادق دانشگاه علوم كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي گرگان , عابدي سروستاني، احمد دانشگاه علوم كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي گرگان , جولايي، رامتين دانشگاه علوم كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي گرگان
كليدواژه :
بازار , كارآيي , كشاورزي , خانوادگي
چكيده فارسي :
اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﺎزار ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎزارﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻫﻤﻮاره ﯾﮑـﯽ از ﻣﺸـﮑﻼت ﻣﻬﻢ ﮐﺸﺎورزان ﺧﺮده ﭘﺎ و ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐـﺎرآﯾﯽ ﺑﺎزارﯾـﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﺤﺼـﻮﻻت ﮐﺸـﺎورزي ﻣـﺰارع ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ ﺧﺮد روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 2000 ﮐﺸﺎورز ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺎﺷﺖ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﻬﮕﯿﻠﻮﯾـﻪ و ﺑﻮﯾﺮاﺣﻤـﺪ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺟﺪول ﮔﺮﺟﺴﯽ و ﻣﻮرﮔﺎن ﺗﻌﺪاد 322 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑـﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﮔﯿـﺮي ﺧﻮﺷـﻪ اي ﺗﺼـﺎدﻓﯽ ﻣـﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨـﺪ . ﺑـﺮاي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ رواﯾﯽ آن از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺎﺗﯿﺪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒـﺎخ ﻣـﻮرد ﺗﺄﯾﯿـﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ ﺑﺎزارﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻣﺰارع ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 2/5 اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﯽ ﺑﻪ ازاي ﯾﮏ واﺣـﺪ اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ در ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﺼﻮل، ﻗﯿﻤﺖ آن 2/5 واﺣﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﻊ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮر ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻨﻨـﺪه ﻣـﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ . اﯾـﻦ در ﺣـﺎﻟﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻼت، درآﻣﺪ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ از ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮐﺎرﮔﺮ، ﺧﺪﻣﺎت زﯾﺮﺑﻨﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﺎﻟﯽ، ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ ﺑﺎزارﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﺤﺼـﻮﻻت اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﻧﺪازه زﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﻠﮑﯽ، ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻋﺪدي ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ ﺑﺎزارﯾﺎﺑﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻋﮑﺲ دارد. ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﻧﺪازه زﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﻠﮑـﯽ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻋﺪدي ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ ﺑﺎزارﯾﺎﺑﯽ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻘﺪار ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ ﺑﺎزارﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ. اﻟﺒﺘﻪ اﯾـﻦ ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺎ آنﺟﺎ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪد ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ ﺑﺎزارﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮐﺸﺎورزي زارﻋﺎن ﺑﺎﺳﻮاد و ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ ﮐﺸـﺎورزاﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ داراي اﻧﺪازه زﻣﯿﻦ زراﻋﯽ ﺑﯿﺶ از 1/5 ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﺑﯿﺶ از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮐﺸﺎورزان ﺑﻮد. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع، ﻓﻘﻂ 0/3 درﺻﺪ از ﮐﺸﺎورزان داراي ﺑﺎزارﯾـﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب )ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﯾﮏ( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﺪهﻓﺮوﺷﺎن ﺑـﻮد . ﺗﺸـﮑﯿﻞ ﺗﻌـﺎوﻧﯽ ﻫـﺎي ﺑﺎزارﯾـﺎﺑﯽ و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ اﻟﮕﻮي ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ از ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدات ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮاي اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ ﺑﺎزارﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
The importance of the market for agricultural products is as important as the production of the product. However, marketing has always been one of the major problems of smallholder and family farmers. The present descriptive survey research has investigated the marketing efficiency of agricultural products of rural small family farms. The study population included 2000 family farmers in Basht county in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces. Using the Georgian and Morgan table, 322 of them were studied by random cluster sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect information, the validity of which was confirmed by referring to university professors, and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results showed that the marketing efficiency of family farm agricultural products is equal to 2.5. In other words, one unit increase in product costs, 2.5 units in price increase, which is to the benefit of the producer and and not the consumer. However, with increasing levels of education, annual agricultural income, number of workers, local infrastructure services, and financial services, the marketing efficiency of products increases. Also, increasing in size of the owned land is inversely related to the numerical value of marketing efficiency. In other words, as the size of owned land increases, the numerical value of marketing efficiency decreases. With increasing in the annual cost of agriculture, the amount of marketing efficiency decreases. The results showed that the marketing efficiency of agricultural products of literate farmers as well as farmers with arable land size more than 1.5 hectares was higher than other farmers. In sum, only 0.3% of farmers had marketing with the desired efficiency (equal to one), and the highest efficiency was related to the path of producers to wholesalers. Establishing marketing cooperatives and promoting a suitable cultivation pattern are among the suggestions of the present study to increase the marketing efficiency of agricultural products.
