تبيين شرايط توسعه قصد كارآفريني اجتماعي دانشجويان (رويكرد نظريه زمينه‌اي)

Formulation of Factors Developing Social Entrepreneurial Intention of Students: (Grounded Theory Approach)

ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن رﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. روشﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ: ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎ از ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻣﻨﺪ اﻧﻔﺮادي ﺑﺎ دو ﮔﺮوه اﺳﺘﺎدان داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ و دﺳﺖاﻧﺪرﮐﺎران ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ )در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 24 ﻧﻔﺮ( و ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ از روش ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ زﻣﯿﻨﻪاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎ روش ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﭼﺎرﻣﺰ )2006 ,Charmaz(، از ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ زﻣﯿﻨﻪاي ﺳﺎﺧﺖﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري اوﻟﯿﻪ و ﮐﺎﻧﻮن و ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ، از ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب اﺷﺘﺮوس و ﮐﻮرﺑﯿﻦ )1998 ,Strauss and Corbin(، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﻠّﯽ، ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ زﻣﯿﻨﻪاي، ﭘﺪﯾﺪة اﺻﻠﯽ، ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪﮔﺮ، راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎ و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ، ﯾﮏ ﻣﺪل ﭘﺎراداﯾﻤﯽ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺪل ﺟﺪﯾﺪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، آﻣﻮزش ﻋﻠﻤﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠﯽ، ﺧﻮد-ﮐﺎراﻣﺪي، ﻫﻤﺪﻟﯽ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﻧﮕﺮش ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯿﺖ و اﻣﮑﺎنﭘﺬﯾﺮي ادراكﺷﺪه از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﻠّﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در ﻣﯿﺎن داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن رﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﻗﻠﻤﺪاد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﺪلﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ در ﺣﻮزه ﻗﺼﺪ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ وﺟﻮد دارد اﻣﺎ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺪل ﭘﺎراداﯾﻤﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯿﺪي آﻧﻬﺎ را ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ و در واﻗﻊ، اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﯾﮏ ﻣﺪل ﺟﺎﻣﻊ در ﺣﻮزه ﻗﺼﺪ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اراﺋﻪ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ.

The present study aims to investigate and formulate factors that develop the social entrepreneurial intention of tourism students. Methodology: Semi-structured in-depth interviews with two groups of university professors and industry practitioners were applied in order to gather data. To analyze the data, the qualitative approach of Grounded Theory was taken into account. Following the Charmaz’s (2006) method, Constructionist version of grounded theory including Initial and Focused coding and also following the Strauss and Corbin’s (1998) framework, the categories of Causal conditions, Context condition, Main phenomenon, Intervening condition, and Consequences were applied so as to present a new paradigmatic model. Results: According to the findings, applied and academic university education, perceived self-efficacy, cultural empathy, attitude towards social entrepreneurship, desirability, and feasibility are of the important causal factors for developing the social entrepreneurial intention of tourism students. Implication: Even though there are various intention models in the area of entrepreneurship literature, the variables introduced in the current study, cover their key variables holistically in a single model