بررسي تاثير جهت گيري كارآفرينانه بر قصد كارآفريني كسب و كارهاي كوچك و متوسط كشاورزي: نقش ميانجي سرمايه روانشناختي (مطالعه موردي: شاليكاران شهرستان نور)

Investigating the Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Entrepreneurial Intention of Small and Medium Agricultural Businesses: The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital (Case Study: Paddy Farmers in Noor City)

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ و ﻫﺪف: در ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ، ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﮔﺬاران ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺴﺐ و ﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﭼﮏ، اﻧﺠﻤـﻦ ﻫـﺎي ﺗﺠـﺎري ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ اي و ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨـﺎن ﻣﺤﻠـﯽ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻣﺴﻮوﻟﯿﺖ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ در ﺣﺎل اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ را ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪه دارد، ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ وﺻﻒ در ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ، در اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻏﺬاي ﮐﺎﻓﯽ، ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﺪه را ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﻌﺎع ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ، ﺳﺒﺐ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه ﺗﺎ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺤـﯿﻂ زﯾﺴـﺖ و اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي ﺑﺸﺮ در ﻋﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﻮد و ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ در ﭘـﯽ ﯾـﺎﻓﺘﻦ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫـﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺒﯽ ﺑـﺮاي ﺣـﻞ ﻣﻌﻀـﻼت و دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺎمﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎ، ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺪف آن اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳـﻮد، اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﯿـﺪ ﻣﺤﺼـﻮل ﺑـﺎ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻮاد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﻗﺼـﺪ ﮐـﺎرآﻓﺮ ﯾﻨﯽ ﮐﺴـﺐ و ﮐﺎرﻫـﺎي ﮐﻮﭼـﮏ و ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺑﺎ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺠﯽ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻫﺪف، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺟﻤﻊآوري دادهﻫﺎ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و از ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷـﻤﺎر ﻣـﯽ آﯾـﺪ و از ﺣﯿﺚ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻮع ﻋﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷﺎﻟﯿﮑﺎران ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﻮر ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼـﺎدﻓﯽ و ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان ﺗﻌﺪاد 89 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻊآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت، از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ رواﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ، از روش ﻫﺎي »رواﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا« و »رواﯾﯽ ﺳﺎزه« اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ؛ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن 95 درﺻﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺼﺪ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﮐﺴﺐ و ﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﭼـﮏ و ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ ﮐﺸـﺎورز ي ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري دارد و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ اﯾﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺷﺎﻟﯿﮑﺎران ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﮐﺴﺐ و ﮐﺎر ﺧﻮد را ارﺗﻘﺎ داده و ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻣﺸﺨﺼﯽ را در ﺑﺎزار ﺗﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺳـﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ رواﻧﺸـﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ واﻗﻒ ﺑﻮده و از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت و ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﺟﺪﯾﺪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در ﺧﻄـﻮط ﻣﺤﺼـﻮﻻت ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ

Introduction and Objective: In response to the global economy, policymakers have focused on the development of small businesses, regional business associations, and local entrepreneurs. Given that the agricultural sector is responsible for ensuring the food security of the growing population, however, in many cases, prioritizing the production of sufficient food overshadows the issue of the health of agricultural products produced. These factors have led to the preservation of the environment and food safety security has become one of the human challenges in the present age and the international community is looking for appropriate strategies to solve problems and achieve sustainable development systems. One of the most important strategies is to pay attention to the position of entrepreneurship, which aims to increase profits, increase product production with minimal reliance on the use of chemicals. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the entrepreneurial intention of small and medium agricultural businesses with the mediating role of psychological capital. Material and Methods: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive research in terms of data collection and is a branch of field studies and is causal in terms of the relationship between research variables. The statistical population of the present study was rice farmers in Noor city. Using available random sampling method and Cochran's formula, 89 people were selected as the sample. A standard questionnaire was used to collect information. In this study, to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, the methods of "content validity" and "structural validity" were used. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the reliability of the research variables. Result: The research results showed that; At the 95% confidence level, entrepreneurial orientation has a significant effect on the entrepreneurial intention of small and medium-sized agricultural businesses, and also psychological capital helps to facilitate this relationship. Conclusion: In order for paddy farmers to be able to grow their business and gain a foothold in the market, they must be aware of the importance of psychological capital and introduce new products and services by strengthening R&D activities as well as making changes. Focus product lines.