نقش آﻣﻮزشﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﯽ و ﺣﺮﻓﻪاي در اﺷﺘﻐﺎلزاﯾﯽ زﻧﺎن روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﺑﻨﯿﺎﻧﯽ( روﺳﺘﺎي ﭼﻘﺎﻣﺎران ﺑﯽ اﺑﺮ اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه)

The Role of Vocational and Technical Training in the Employment of Rural Women using the Basic Theory (Village of Chacamaran Abfar, Kermanshah Province)

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ و ﻫﺪف: آﻣﻮزش ﻓﻨﯽ و ﺣﺮﻓﻪاي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﺟﺰء اﺟﺘﻨﺎبﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮ از ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﮑﺮي در ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ داﻧﺶ، ﻣﻬﺎرت و ﻧﮕﺮش ﻧﻘـﺶ ﮔﺴـﺘﺮده دارد ، ﭼﺮاﮐـﻪ آﻣﻮزشﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﯽ وﺣﺮﻓﻪاي و ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﺮآوردن ﻧﯿﺎز ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ و ارﺗﻘﺎي ﻓﺮاﮔﯿﺮان آﻧﻬﺎ، در ﺟﻬﺖ اﺷﺘﻐﺎل زاﯾﯽ و ﺑـﻪ ﮐـﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﻧﯿﺮوﻫـﺎي ﻣـﺎﻫﺮ ﮔـﺎم ﺑـﺮ ﻣﯽدارد. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ آﻣﻮزشﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﯽ ﺣﺮﻓﻪاي در اﺷﺘﻐﺎلزاﯾﯽ زﻧﺎن روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. از اﯾـﻦ رو آﻣـﻮزش ﻫـﺎي ﻓﻨـﯽ و ﺣﺮﻓـﻪ اي ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﺎزار ﮐﺎر اﯾﻔﺎ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از ﭘﺎراداﯾﻢ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﺑﻨﯿﺎﻧﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪي ﻧﻘـﺶ آﻣـﻮزش ﻫـﺎي ﻓﻨـﯽ و ﺣﺮﻓـﻪ اي در روﺳـﺘﺎي ﭼﻘﺎﻣﺎران ﺑﯽ اﺑﺮ، در اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ازﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪي ﻋﻤﯿﻖ، ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻣﻨﺪ، ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺘﻤﺮﮐﺰ، ﻣﺮاﺟﻌـﺎت و ﺗﻤـﺎس ﻫـﺎي ﻣﮑـﺮر ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي از ﻧﻮع ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪ روش ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﻓﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ، آﻣﻮزشﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﯽ و ﺣﺮﻓﻪاي ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ داﻧﺶ و آﮔﺎﻫﯽﻫﺎي ﺷﻐﻠﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﯾﺴـﺘﮕﯽ و ﻣﻬـﺎرت ﺣﺮﻓـﻪ اي ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻧﮕﺮش آﻧﺎن ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر و ﺷﻐﻞ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ و ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﺧﻮد و ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده و ﺷﻐﻞ ﺷﺎن در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻬﺮهوري ﺷﻐﻠﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗـﺮارداده و ﺑﻬﺒـﻮد ﮐﺴﺐ و ﮐﺎر ﻧﻘﻄﻪي آﻏﺎزي ﺑﺮ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﮐﺎري زﻧﺎن و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ، ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﻌﯿﺸـﺖ و ﮐﯿﻔﯿـﺖ زﻧـﺪﮔﯽ اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي ﻧﺎﺷـﯽ از ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺑﺮﺧـﻮرداري آﻧـﺎن از ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ و ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ آﻣﻮزش ﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﯽ و ﺣﺮﻓﻪاي در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻧﯿﺮوي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻧﻘﺸﯽ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده و اﻧﮑﺎرﻧﺎﭘـﺬﯾﺮ دارد و ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎت رﺷﺪ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺳﺮﯾﻊ در ﺻﺤﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻮم و ﻓﻦ آوري در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﻗﺸﺮ زﻧﺎن ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

Introduction and Objective: Technical and vocational education as an inevitable component of intellectual capital has an extensive role in strengthening knowledge, skills and attitude, because technical and professional training and skills, while meeting the needs of human resources and promoting their learners, are taking steps to create employment and employ skilled personnel. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the role of vocational training in rural women's employment. Therefore, technical and vocational training plays an important role in the formation of human capital through training skilled workers needed by the labor market. Material and Methods: In this regard, using qualitative paradigm and fundamental theory in this study, the role of technical and vocational training in cheghamaran village without cloud, in Kermanshah province was investigated. Data collection was conducted through in-depth, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, referrals and frequent calls. Sampling is a purposeful and snowball method. Results: The results showed that technical and vocational training leads to changes in the level of knowledge and awareness of their jobs, changes in the level of competence and professional skills, changes in their attitude to work. Conclusion: Therefore, it is concluded that technical and vocational training in order to train skilled manpower needed by societies has a wide and undeniable role and causes the growth of rapid changes in science and technology in society, especially women.