ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺟﻤﻊآوري و دﻓﻊ آب ﺳﻄﺤﯽ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺷﻬﺮي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردي ﺷﻬﺮ اﻫﻮاز

The Effects of Lack of Surface Water Collection and Disposal Networks in Urban Areas (Case Study: Ahwaz City)

اﻣﺮوزه ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ، ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري از ﺗﺄﺳﯿﺴﺎت و زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي ﺑﻪ دﻻﯾﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ دارد. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ، ﺟﻤﻊآوري و دﻓﻊ ﻓﺎﺿﻼب و آب ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻮردﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﺳﺖ و ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮوز ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ در ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﻮر ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺒﻮد ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري آب ﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺳﯿﺴﺎت و زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻓﺮﺳﻮده ﺑﻮدن ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻼب ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﻓﺎﺿﻼب در ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﭘﺲ زدﮔﯽ ﻓﺎﺿﻼب، اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﯽ و ﻧﺎرﺿﺎﯾﺘﯽ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان در ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﻮر ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺟﻤﻊآوري و دﻓﻊ آب ﺳﻄﺤﯽ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺷﻬﺮ اﻫﻮاز ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ. در ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ آﻣﺎر ﺣﻮادث ﺷﺒﮑﻪ و ﺧﻄﻮط ﻓﺎﺿﻼب ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎل 1397 و 1398 ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ وﻗﻮع ﺳﯿﻼب و ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎت و رﯾﺰش ﺧﻄﻮط ﻓﺎﺿﻼب ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﯽ، ﻣﯿﺰان رﯾﺰش ﺧﻄﻮط ﻓﺎﺿﻼب اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ و اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت و ﻣﺪت ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ دارد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻼب ﺷﻬﺮ اﻫﻮاز ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺠﺰا، ورود آب ﺑﺎران ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺧﺴﺎرت و ﻧﺎرﺿﺎﯾﺘﯽ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه و ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و اﺟﺮاي ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺟﻤﻊآوري آب ﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﯽ، ﺟﻬﺖ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻼب ﺿﺮوري ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Nowadays, considering the urban facilities and infrastructure development, utilization and maintenance are very important for many reasons. In this regard, the management, collection, and disposal of sewage and rainwater are very noticeable. The lack of surface water collection networks-being one of the most crucial urban facilities and infrastructure-along with the old swage network caused many health problems for citizens in some cities in the country. This study has been conducted to investigate the effects of lack of surface water collection and disposal networks in Ahwaz City. In the present research, the occurrence of floods and rainfall effects on the sewage accidents and drainage was examined using data in 2018 and 2019. The results show that the amount of swage drainage increased with increasing rainfall and it depends on rain intensity and duration. Due to the design of Ahvaz sewerage network separately, rainwater entering the network has caused damage and dissatisfaction of citizens and the design and implementation of surface water collection network is necessary to increase efficiency and reduce maintenance costs of sewerage network.