نقش دانش بومي در حفاظت از مراتع ييلاقي پلور استان مازندران

The role of indigenous knowledge in the protection of Rangelands in Plour, Mazandaran province

هدف كلي اين تحقيق بررسي تأثير دانش بومي در توسعه اكوتوريسم و ايجاد درآمد "منطقه پلور در استان مازندران"مي‌باشد. تحقيق حاضر يك تحقيق پيمايشي بوده و اطلاعات بر مبناي طراحي پرسشنامه در قالب طيف ليكرت جمع‌آوري مي‌شود. جامعه‌ي مورد بررسي از 210 نفر از ساكنين منطقه پلور تشكيل شده و حجم نمونه به صورت تصادفي براساس فرمول كوكران تعداد نمونه آماري 111 نفر بدست آمده است. اما در عمليات ميداني تنها تعداد 70 پرسشنامه تكميل گرديد و بقيه افراد تمايلي به پاسخگويي نداشتند. پايايي تحقيق به وسيله ضريب آلفاي كرونباخ محاسبه و مقدار اين ضريب 803/0 به دست آمده است. براي تجزيه و تحليل داده‌ها از آزمون‌هاي آناليز واريانس و مقايسه ميانگين‌هاي دانكن و همچنين ضريب همبستگي پيرسون و رگرسيون ساده استفاده شد. آناليز داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار spss انجام شد. نتايج تحقيق نشان داد كه بين دانش بومي و توسعه صنعت اكوتوريسم و رونق اقتصادي رابطه معني‌داري وجود دارد. يعني با مديريت صحيح و مبتني بر دانش بومي مي‌توان علاوه بر جذب گردشگر، ايجاد اشتغال، درآمدزايي، حفظ فرهنگ و سنن بومي منطقه به حفاظت از عرصه‌هاي منابع طبيعي بالاخص مراتع منطقه مورد مطالعه پرداخت.

In this paper, based on the results of experimental and analytical methods, crushed zone and gurpy rocks masses were identified as the squeezing sections. Then crushed zone and gurpy sections creep parameters at the Bruger model were obtained in the laboratory. Then crushed zone and gurpy sections modelling using the software Flac2D with burgers model for 30 days (long-term) were performed. Our numerical modelling results show the large displacements due to very low quality of the rock mass and high overburden in this sections of the tunnel. The results of the numerical modelling in the short-term, that TBM shield would be stuck in this section of tunnel. Also modeling this section in the long-term showed that stability and not seen failure of the segmental support system. But effect squeezing in two sections is not critical. Among the important phenomena that makes problem for tunneling, support and tunnel usage is squeezing which is a type of problems that takes place in weak rocks. Squeezing of the rock is time dependent large convergence, which occurs around the tunnel, and is essentially associated with creep caused by exceeding limiting shear strength. Squeezing is one of the important phenomena in the tunneling industry so drilling in the squeezing cases can be causing serious problems. Predicting the amount of displacement, radial strain, shear strain and plastic zone increment as functions of the squeezing degree resonator factors is one of the basic needs in drilling and tunnel maintenance. Squeezing is behavior that related with weak rock mass deformation and strength properties. This phenomenon is associated with large deformations and time dependent convergence during tunnel excavation. It takes place when a particular combination of induced stresses and material properties pushes some zones around the tunnel beyond the limiting shear stress at which creep starts. Deformation may terminate during construction or continue over a long period of time. West Kermanshah tunnel conveyance (WKTC), with about 8550 meters long and 6.884 m in diameter in the west of Iran is located in Kermanshah province. Mainly parts of the tunnel pass through weak rock make is including types of argillaceous, sandstone and shale, with high 570 meters overburden and will be probably under squeezing condition. Duets in this project the effect of experimental methods, analytical and semi-analytical are evaluated. Then critical section of the squeezing potential presented and finally numerical modelling of this phenomenon is done.