بررسي تخلفات مرتبط با منابع طبيعي در شهرستان لردگان ناحيۀ عرفي سردشت

Investigation of Violations Related to Natural Resources in Lordegan Township - Sardasht Customary Region

واﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﻌﯿﺸﺖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮﺻﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺳﺒﺐ اﯾﺠﺎد داﻣﻨﮥ وﺳﯿﻌﯽ از ﺗﺨﻠﻔﺎت در اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه ﻣـﯽ ﺷـﻮد . ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﭘﺮوﻧـﺪه ﻫـﺎي ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ از ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ و ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎ، ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ و آﺑﺨﯿﺰداري اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ آن ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ زﻣﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎز ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از ﺷﯿﻮة ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻔﯽ - ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠـﯽ ، روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﻣﺤﺘـﻮاي ﮐﻤ ـ ﯽ، ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺨﻠﻔﺎت ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪه در 333 ﻓﻘﺮه ﭘﺮوﻧﺪه در دورة زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﺎﻧﺰده ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 1385 ﺗـ ﺎ 1399 در ﭼﻬـﺎر روﺳـﺘﺎي ﻧﺎﺣﯿـﮥ ﻋﺮﻓﯽ ﺳﺮدﺷﺖ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻟﺮدﮔﺎن در اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﯿﺎري ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﺨﻠﻔﺎت ﻋﻤﺪه، ﺑﺮﯾـﺪن، رﯾﺸـﻪ ﮐـﻦ ﮐﺮدن و ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪن ﻧﻬﺎل و درﺧﺖ و ﺣﻤﻞ ﻫﯿﺰم و زﻏﺎل ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از آﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ 68 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﻔﺎت را در ﺑﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد، ﺑﻪﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ در ﻃـﻮل دورة ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، 12558 اﺻﻠﻪ درﺧﺖ و ﻧﻬﺎل ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﺪه ﯾﺎ در اﺛﺮ آﺗﺶ ﺳـﻮزي ﻋﻤـﺪي از ﺑـﯿﻦ رﻓﺘـﻪ ، 34831 ﮐﯿﻠـﻮﮔﺮم ﭼـﻮب و زﻏـﺎل ﺣﻤـﻞ ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ ﺷﺪه و ﻧﯿﺰ 103200 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم زﻏﺎل در ﮐﻮره ﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ زﻏﺎل ﮐﺸﻒ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﺟﻨﮕـﻞ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ را ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﻗﻄﻊ درﺧﺘﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻬﯿﮥ ﻫﯿﺰم و زﻏﺎل داﻧﺴﺖ. ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺸـﻤﻮل ﺗﺨﻠـﻒ در دورة زﻣﺎﻧﯽ و روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه وﺟﻮد دارد. ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي ﺑﺮاي اﺷﺘﻐﺎل ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﻘﺮ، ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﻧﻈﺎرت ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﺄﻣﻮران ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ و ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺳﺎزي ﺗﺨﻠﻔﺎت ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮاﯾﻢ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از ﺷﺪت ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﮑﺎﻫﺪ.

The dependence of rural livelihoods to natural resources leads to a wide range of violations in this field. Studying the legal cases of natural resources is one of the important issues of the Forests, Rangelands and Watershed Organization of the country that their analysis can lead to the identification and reduction of the factors resulting in the destruction of natural resources in the country. In this study, using the descriptive-analytical method, quantitative content analysis approach, frequency and rate of violations recorded in 333 cases in a period of 15 years between 2006 up to 2020 in four villages of Sardasht customary area of ​​Lordegan township in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province has been studied. The results showed that the main violations are related to cutting, uprooting and burning of seedlings and trees and carrying firewood and charcoal, which accounts for 68% of violations. During the study period, 12558 trees and seedlings were cut down or destroyed by intentional fire and 34831 kg of wood and charcoal were illegally transported. Also, 103,300 kg of charcoal has been discovered in illegal coal kiln. Therefore, the most important factors in the degradation of forests in the region can be considered cutting down trees for firewood and charcoal. According to the results, there is a significant difference between the frequency of violations in the period and the villages. Developing rural infrastructure and planning for appropriate employment to reduce the poverty, continuous control and monitor of security officers, and tailor the violations to crime can reduce the severity of existing damage.