وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي روﯾﺸﯽ و ﺟﺬب ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ و ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎي دوﺳﺎﻟﮥ ﺳﻪ ﮐﻠﻦ ﺻﻨﻮﺑﺮ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰي در ﺧﺎك ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ از آب ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻌﺎرف

Growth properties and nutrients and heavy metals uptake of two-year old seedlings of three black poplar clones in soil with wastewater irrigation

ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ آبﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻌﺎرف ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎي دوﺳــﺎﻟﮥ ﺳــﻪ ﮐﻠﻦ ﺻــﻨﻮﺑﺮ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰي، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ ﮔﻠﺪاﻧﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ دو ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر 1. ﺧﺎك ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ از ﻧﻮع آب آﺑﯿﺎري در دو ﺳﻄﺢ؛ و 2. ﮐﻠﻦ ﺻﻨﻮﺑﺮ در ﺳـــﻪ ﺳـــﻄﺢ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﭘﺲ از دو ﻓﺼـــﻞ روﯾﺶ، ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺧﺎك ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ از آب ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻌﺎرف، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار )0/01≤ P( وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي روﯾ ﺸﯽ )ﻗﻄﺮ و ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻗﻪ، ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ و زيﺗﻮدة ﺧ ﺸﮏ رﯾ ﺸﻪ، ﺳﺎﻗﻪ، ﺑﺮگ و ﮐﻞ ﮔﯿﺎه(، ﺟﺬب و ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻋﻨﺎ ﺻﺮ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ا ﺻﻠﯽ )ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن، ﻓ ﺴﻔﺮ و ﭘﺘﺎ ﺳﯿﻢ( و ﮐﻢﻣ ﺼﺮف )آﻫﻦ، روي، ﻣﺲ و ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ( و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ )ﻧﯿﮑﻞ، ﮐﺮوم و ﺳﺮب( در اﻧﺪامﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎي دوﺳﺎﻟﮥ ﺳﻪ ﮐﻠﻦ ﺻﻨﻮﺑﺮ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰي را ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎي ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )ﺧﺎك ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ از آب ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ( ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺮاه دا ﺷﺖ. در ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﮐﻠﻦ ﺻﻨﻮﺑﺮ، ﺑﯿ ﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺟﺬب و ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻋﻨﺎ ﺻﺮ آﻫﻦ، ﻣﺲ، ﻧﯿﮑﻞ، ﮐﺮوم و ﺳﺮب در رﯾ ﺸﻪ و ﻋﻨﺎ ﺻﺮ روي و ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ در ﺑﺮگ اﺗﻔﺎق اﻓﺘﺎد. اﻟﮕﻮي رﻓﺘﺎري ﺳــﻪ ﮐﻠﻦ ﺻــﻨﻮﺑﺮ در ﺟﺬب و ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺻــﺮ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ و ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳــﻨﮕﯿﻦ در اﻧﺪامﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﻧ ﺸﺎن ﻧﺪاد، اﻣﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﮐﻠﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ زيﺗﻮدة ﺧ ﺸﮏ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد، ﺑﻪﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿ ﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ زيﺗﻮدة ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ، ﺑﺮگ و ﮐﻞ ﮔﯿﺎه در ﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﻦ 62/154 P. nigra ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ از آب ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻌﺎرف ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷــﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸــﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﺟﻨﮕﻠﮑﺎريﻫﺎ و زراﻋﺖ ﭼﻮب ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ زيﺗﻮدة ﭼﻮﺑﯽ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان آب ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻌﺎرف را ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ از آب آﺑﯿﺎري و ﻋﻨﺎ ﺻﺮ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. از ﺳﻮي دﯾﮕﺮ، ﺻﻨﻮﺑﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﺰﻟﮥ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﭘﺎﻻﯾﻨﺪه در ﺧﺎكﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاي اﺻﻼح وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك ﻣﻔﯿﺪ واﻗﻊ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ.

This investigation was carried out to study the effect of wastewater on performance of three clones of Populus nigra. A pot experiment was done in a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors 1) soil in two levels (soil under wastewater irrigation and soil under well water irrigation) and 2) poplar clones in three levels (P. nigra 62/154, P. nigra 62/127, P. nigra 17/13). After two growing seasons, in three poplar clones, the effect of the treatment of soil affected by wastewater was significant (P ≤ 0.01) on growth properties (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, biomass of roots, shoots, leaves and total) and uptake and accumulation of micro and macro (NPK) nutrients and also heavy metals in plant tissues compared with control treatment. In three poplar clones, the highest uptake and accumulation of Fe, Cu, Ni, Cr, and Pb took place in the roots and Zn and Mn in the leaves. The three poplar clones did not show significant differences in terms of uptake and accumulation of nutrients and heavy metals in plant tissues; however, the effect of clones on biomass was significant (P ≤ 0.01). The highest values of biomass of leaves, shoots and total were observed in P. nigra 62/154 plants experiencing wastewater. The results of this study demonstrated that wastewater could be used as an important alternative source of water and nutrients for afforestation and wood farming. On the other hand, poplars as a phytoremediator in soil polluted with heavy metals could be useful ....