تأثير جيره‌هاي حاوي دانه جو و ذرت (پرك ‌شده با بخار يا بلغور شده)، با يا بدون پروبيوتيك انتروكوكوس ‌فاسيوم بر قابليت هضم، pH مدفوع، گلوكز خون و آسيب‌هاي پاتولوژيك اسب‌هاي بالغ

Influence of diets containing barley and corn grain (steam-flaked or cracked), with or without Enterococcus faecium probiotic on digestibility, fecal pH, blood glucose, and pathologic problems of adult horses

ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻓﺮآوري داﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﻮ و ذرت )ﭘﺮك ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر ﯾﺎ ﺑﻠﻐﻮر ﺷﺪه( و اﻓﺰودن ﭘﺮوﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ ﺣﺎوي اﻧﺘﺮوﮐﻮﮐﻮس ﻓﺎﺳﯿﻮم )Enterococcus faecium ، 10 ﮔﺮم در روز ﺑﺎ دوز 2/5×1011 واﺣﺪ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞدﻫﻨﺪه ﮐﻠﻮﻧﯽ( در ﺟﯿﺮه، ﺑﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﻀﻢ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻐﺬي، pH ﻣﺪﻓﻮع، ﮔﻠﻮﮐﺰ ﺧﻮن و آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ در اﺳﺐﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻧﮋاد ﮐﺮد ﺑﻮد. در اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ از 12 رأس اﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ وزن 416±43 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻻﺗﯿﻦ ﺗﮑﺮار ﺷﺪه 4×4 ﺑﻪ روش ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ 2×2 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در ﭼﻬﺎر دوره 28 روزه، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 21 روز ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري و ﻫﻔﺖ روز ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري، اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻋﺒﺎرت ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ از ﺟﯿﺮهﻫﺎي )ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ 60 ﺑﻪ 40 ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻨﺴﺎﻧﺘﺮه( ﺣﺎوي: 1( ﻏﻼت ﺑﻠﻐﻮر ﺷﺪه ﺑﺪون ﭘﺮوﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ، 2( ﻏﻼت ﺑﻠﻐﻮر ﺷﺪه ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮوﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 10 ﮔﺮم در روز ﺑﻪ ازاي ﻫﺮ اﺳﺐ، 3( ﻏﻼت ﭘﺮك ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﺪون ﭘﺮوﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ و 4( ﻏﻼت ﭘﺮك ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮوﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 10 ﮔﺮم در روز ﺑﻪ ازاي ﻫﺮ اﺳﺐ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﻀﻢ ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ، ﻣﺎده آﻟﯽ، ADF ،NDF، ﮔﻠﻮﮐﺰ ﺧﻮن، وﻗﻮع ﻟﻨﮕﺶ و ﮐﻮﻟﯿﮏ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﭘﺮكﮐﺮدن ﻏﻼت ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر، اﻓﺰودن ﭘﺮوﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ و اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺖ (0/05>P) . ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ pH ﻣﺪﻓﻮع در ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 6/57 ﺑﻮد و ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻧﻮع ﻓﺮآوري ﻏﻠﻪ، اﻓﺰودن ﭘﺮوﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ و اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺖ )0/05>P(. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع، ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﻏﻼت ﭘﺮك ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﻪﺟﺎي ﻏﻼت ﺑﻠﻐﻮر ﺷﺪه و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد 10 ﮔﺮم ﭘﺮوﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ اﻧﺘﺮوﮐﻮﮐﻮس ﻓﺎﺳﯿﻮم ﺑﻪ ازاي ﻫﺮ رأس ﺣﯿﻮان در ﺟﯿﺮه اﺳﺐ، ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮي ﺑﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﻀﻢ، pH ﻣﺪﻓﻮع، ﮔﻠﻮﮐﺰ ﺧﻮن، وﻗﻮع ﻟﻨﮕﺶ و ﮐﻮﻟﯿﮏ ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎل، ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﭘﺮوﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ اﻧﺘﺮوﮐﻮﮐﻮس ﻓﺎﺳﯿﻮم در ﺟﯿﺮهﻫﺎي ﺣﺎوي ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي از ﻏﻼت ﻓﺮآوري ﺷﺪه ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﻮد.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of two processing methods of barley and corn grains (steam-flaking or cracking) and the addition of a probiotic containing Enterococcus faecium (10 g/d to provide 2.5 × 1011 colony-forming unit) to diet on nutrients digestibility, fecal pH, blood glucose, and pathologic problems of horses. In this experiment, 12 adult Kurdish horses with an average weight of 416± 43 kg were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin Square experiment with a 2×2 factorial design during four periods of 28 days, including 21 days for dietary adaptation and seven days for sampling. Experimental diets (60:40 forage to concentrate ratio) were: 1) Cracked grains based diet without probiotic, 2) Cracked grains based diet with 10 g/d probiotics, 3) Steam-flaked grains based diet without probiotic, 4) Steam-flaked grains based diet with 10 g/d probiotics. Results showed that mean fecal pH was 6.57 in different treatments and was not affected by the type of grain processing, probiotic supplementation, and their interaction (P>0.05). Also, digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, NDF, and ADF, as well as blood glucose, lameness, and colitis incidence were not affected by two types of cereal processing including cracking or steam-flaking, the addition of probiotic, and their interaction. Overall, our results showed that replacing steam-flaked corn for cracked corn and supplementing 10 g per day enterococcus faecium probiotic did not affect digestibility, fecal pH, and blood glucose. However, further research is recommended to investigate the effects of higher enterococcus faecium probiotic doses in high grain diets.