بهينه ﺳﺎزي ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺑﺮﯾﮑﺖ از ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺑﺎﮔﺎس و ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﮔﺮدو ﺑﻪ روش ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ و ارزش ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ آن

Optimization of the briquette production process from the composition of bagasse and walnut shell using the response surface methodology (RSM) and its calorific value

ﻣﺘﺮاﮐﻢ ﮐﺮدن ﻣﻮاد زﯾﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده ﺣﺠﯿﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﯾﮑﺖ ﮐﺮدن، ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘـﻞ، اﻧﺒﺎرداري و ﻏﯿﺮه ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﮥ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿـ ﺪ ﺑﺮﯾﮑـﺖ از ﺗﺮﮐﯿـ ﺐ ﺑﺎﮔـﺎس و ﭘﻮﺳـﺖ ﮔـﺮدو ﺑـﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﭘﺮس ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ روش ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ اﻧـﺪازه ذرات ﺑﺎﮔـﺎس، دﻣـﺎ ي ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ، رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ذرات ﺑﺎﮔﺎس و درﺻﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﮔﺮدو ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﮔﺎس، ﻫﻤﮕﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫـﺎ ي ﭘﺎﺳـﺦ ﭼﮕـﺎ ﻟﯽ و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﮐﺸﺸﯽ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻣﻘﺪار ارزش ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ ﺑﺮﯾﮑﺖ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ ﺧﻄﯽ و ﻏﯿﺮﺧﻄﯽ ﺻﺤﻪ ﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه ارزش ﺣﺮارت ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮاد ﻓﺮار، ﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﺧﺎﮐﺴﺘﺮ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ذرات ﺑﺎﮔﺎس ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﮐﺸﺸﯽ ﺑﺮﯾﮑﺖ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ. اﻓﺰودن ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﮔﺮدو در ﺑﺮﯾﮑﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﺷـﺪه ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازة ذرات رﯾﺰ ﺑﺎﮔﺎس ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﮐﺸﺸﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺑﺮﯾﮑﺖ ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار درﺻﺪ ﻣﻮاد ﻓﺮار و اﻓـﺰ اﯾﺶ درﺻﺪ ﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﺷﺪ. اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ارزش ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﮥ ﻣﺎدة اوﻟﯿﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﯾﮑﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﺷـﺪه از 16 ﺑـﻪ 22 ﻣﮕـﺎژول ﺑـﺮ ﮐ ﯿﻠـﻮﮔﺮم ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪة اﺛﺮات ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﯾﮑﺖ ﺳﺎزي اﺳﺖ. ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﮥ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺑﺮﯾﮑﺖ در ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﮔﺮدو ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﮔـﺎس 5 درﺻﺪ، اﻧﺪازة ذرات ﺑﺎﮔﺎس ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺗﺮ از 1/18 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ، رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﮔﺎس 7 درﺻﺪ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﮥ ﺗﺮ و دﻣﺎي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ 360 درﺟـﻪ ﺳﻠﺴـ ﯿﻮس ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﻬﯿﻨﮥ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺎي ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﮐﺸﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 867/847 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ و 1/356 ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﮑﺎل ﺑـﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ارزش ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ 22 ﻣﮕﺎژول ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ.

Densification of biomass materials such as briquette improves the management properties of materials for transportation, storage, and so on. This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions of the briquette production process using a hydraulic press from the combination of bagasse and walnut shell using response surface methodology. The effects of independent variables including bagasse particle size (PS), process temperature (PT), bagasse moisture content (MC), and the composition ratio percentage of the walnut shell to bagasse (CR) were evaluated at three levels on the response variables of the density and tensile strength. The calorific value of the briquette was determined through validated linear and nonlinear equations of the high heat value using the proximate analysis of volatiles, fixed carbon, and ash. The results showed that by decreasing the moisture content of bagasse particles, the density and tensile strength of the briquette increased. Adding walnut shell particles to the briquette produced with the size of fine particles reduces tensile strength. The briquette production significantly reduced the percentage of volatile materials relative to their biomass and increased the percentage of fixed carbon. The calorific value of the raw material sample relative to the briquette produced increased from 16 to 22 MJ/kg. The optimal values of the density and tensile strength of briquettes were equal to 867.847 kg/m3 and 1.356 MPa, respectively at the CR of 5%, PS less than 1.18 mm, MC content of 7%, and PT of 360 °C. At this condition, the calorific value of 22 MJ/kg was obtained.