پديد آورندگان :
ﻗﻠﯽ ﭘﻮر، ﺑﻬﺰاد داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ اﯾﻼم - ﮔﺮوه ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ زراﻋﺖ و اﺻﻼح ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت , ﻣﻈﻔﺮي، اﻓﺸﯿﻦ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ اﯾﻼم - ﮔﺮوه ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ زراﻋﺖ و اﺻﻼح ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت , ﻣﻠﮑﯽ، ﻋﺒﺎس داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ اﯾﻼم - ﮔﺮوه ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ زراﻋﺖ و اﺻﻼح ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت , ﻣﯿﺮزاﯾﯽ ﺣﯿﺪري، ﻣﺤﻤﺪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ اﯾﻼم - ﮔﺮوه ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ زراﻋﺖ و اﺻﻼح ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت , ﺑﺎﺑﺎﯾﯽ، ﻓﺮزاد داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ اﯾﻼم - ﮔﺮوه ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ زراﻋﺖ و اﺻﻼح ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت
كليدواژه :
ﭼﻐﻨﺪر وﺣﺸﯽ , ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ , ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اوﻟﯿﻪ رﺷﺪ , ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري , ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ
چكيده فارسي :
اﮔﺮﭼﻪ زﯾﺴـﺘﮕﺎه اﺻـﻠﯽ ﭼﻐﻨﺪر وﺣﺸﯽ )Beta maritima( ﮐﻪ ﺟﺪ وﺣﺸﯽ ﭼﻐﻨﺪر ﻗﻨﺪ اﻣﺮوزي اﺳﺖ، ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ درﯾﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺘﺮاﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه در ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ از اﯾﺮان، ﺑﻮﯾﮋه ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﻏﺮﺑﯽ آن ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴــﺎب ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴــﯿﻞﻫﺎي ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ دارد، ﺗﺎ ﮐﻨﻮن ﻣﻮﺿــﻮع ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺑﺴــﯿﺎر اﻧﺪﮐﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳــﺖ. در ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿــﺮ اﺛﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺸـﮑﯽ و ﺷـﻮري ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ و رﺷﺪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ ﭼﻐﻨﺪر وﺣﺸﯽ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻐﻨﺪر ﻗﻨﺪ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ دو آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺰا )ﺷﻮري و ﺧﺸﮑﯽ( ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﺎت در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ ﺑﺎ 3 ﺗﮑﺮاراﺟﺮاﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 15 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﭼﻐﻨﺪر وﺣﺸﯽ از اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن، اﯾﻼم، ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه، ﮐﺮدﺳﺘﺎن و آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن و دو ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ زراﻋﯽ ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ ﺣﺴـﺎس و ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ( و ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ﺷـﻮري )ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﺻﻔﺮ، 200 ،100 ،50 و 400 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﻻر( و ﺧﺸﮑﯽ )5 ﺳﻄﺢ ﺻﻔﺮ، 9 ،-6 ،-3- و 12- ﺑﺎر( ﺑﻮد. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺷـﻮري و ﺧﺸﮑﯽ روي ﺻﻔ ﺎت درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ، ﻃﻮل رﯾﺸﻪﭼﻪ، ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻗﻪﭼﻪ، وزن رﯾﺸﻪﭼﻪ و وزن ﺳﺎﻗﻪﭼﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد و در ﻫﺮ دو آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺷـﺪت ﺗﻨﺶ از ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺻـﻔ ﺎت درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ، ﻃﻮل رﯾﺸﻪﭼﻪ، ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻗﻪﭼﻪ، وزن رﯾﺸﻪﭼﻪ و وزن ﺳﺎﻗﻪﭼﻪ ﮐﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. در ﻫﺮ دو آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺻﻔﺖ درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ از ﺑﻘﯿﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﮐﻤﺘﺮ و ﺻﻔﺖ وزن ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﭼﻪ از ﺑﻘﯿﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ در ﻫﺮ دو آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ رﺷﺪ رﯾﺸﻪﭼﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻗﻪﭼﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد. ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﻫﺮ دو آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﺻـﻔﺎت درﺻـﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ، ﻃﻮل رﯾﺸﻪ ﭼﻪ، ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻗﻪﭼﻪ، وزن رﯾﺸﻪﭼﻪ و وزن ﺳﺎﻗﻪﭼﻪ، ﺑﯿﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ. در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري و ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ 5 و 7 ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﭼﻐﻨﺪر وﺣﺸﯽ از اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي اﯾﻼم، ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه، ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن و آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ و رﺷﺪ اوﻟﯿﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ارﻗﺎم زراﻋﯽ ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ در ﺷـﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸـﮑﯽ و ﺷـﻮري ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻫﺎي وﺣﺸﯽ از ﺗﻨﻮع و ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎي ﺷﻮري و ﺧﺸﮑﯽ در زﻣﺎن ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ و ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اوﻟﯿﻪ رﺷﺪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﻣﯽﺗﻮان از اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ارﻗﺎم ﭼﻐﻨﺪر ﻗﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎي ﺷﻮري و ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺟﺴﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
Although the main habitat of sea beet (Beta maritima), the wild ancestor of today`s sugar beet, is the Mediterranean coasts, but it is a native plant in different part of Iran, especially in western regions. The plant, despite of its many potentials, has been the subject of very little studies. In the present study, the effect of drought and salinity stresses on germination and seedling specifications of sea beet in comparison with sugar beet were investigated in two separate experiments (salinity and drought). Experiments were carried out in completely randomized design with 3 replication factorial arrangement. Experimental treatments were including genotype factor (including 15 sea beet samples from Khuzestan, Elam, Kermanshah, Kurdistan and Azerbaijan provinces and two sensitive and susceptible cultivar strains of sugar beet) and salinity factors(NaCl concentration of 0, 50, 100 and 400 mM) and drought factors (5 levels of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 bar). Results showed that the effect of salinity and drought treatments on germination percentage, radicle length, plumule length, radicle weight and plumule weight traits were significant and in both experiments with increasing stress intensity germination percentage, radicle length, plumule length, radicle weight and plumule weight traits decreased. In both experiments, germination percentage trait was less and hypocotyl weight trait more affected by stresses than other traits. Also, in both experiments, radicle growth was less affected by stress than the plumule. Statistical estimations showed that there was a significant difference between investigated genotypes for germination percentage, radicle length, plumule length, radicle weight and plumule weight in both experiments. In salinity and drought stress conditions, at least 5 and 7 sea beet genotypes were identified from Elam, Kermanshah, Khuzestan and Azerbaijan provinces, which were better in terms of germination and early growth characteristics than sugar beet cultivars. Based on this, it can be concluded that sea beet has a high diversity and resistance potential against salinity and drought stresses during germination and early growth stages and can be used to produce more resistance sugar beet against salinity and drought stresses.
