وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي روانﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮي ادراك ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﮕﯽ و ﭘﺬﯾﺮش اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﭘﺴﺮ ﭘﯿﺶ دﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ

Psychometric Properties of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Preschool Boys

ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي روانﺳﻨﺠﯽ و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﻋﺘﺒـﺎر، رواﯾـﯽ و ﻧـﺮم ﻣﻘﯿـﺎس ﺗﺼـﻮﯾﺮي ادراك ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﮕﯽ و ﭘﺬﯾﺮش اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در ﮐﻮدﮐـﺎن ﭘﺴـﺮ ﭘـﯿﺶ دﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﻃﺮح ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﻫﻤﺒﺴـﺘﮕﯽ و روش آﻣــﺎري ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧــﻮع ﺗﺤﻠﯿــﻞ اﮐﺘﺸــﺎﻓﯽ ﺑــﺎ ﭼـــﺮﺧﺶ اﮐـــﻮﻣﮑﺲ ﺑـــﻮده اﺳـــﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌـــﻪ آﻣـــﺎري داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﭘﺴﺮان ﭘﯿﺶ دﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺳـﺎﮐﻦ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ 1، 19 ،14 ،4 ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﻮدﻧـﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﮔﯿـﺮي ﺑﺼـﻮرت ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﺗﻌﺪاد 450 داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز ﭘﺴـﺮ ﭘــﯿﺶ دﺑﺴــﺘﺎﻧﯽ و 250 ﻧﻔــﺮ از ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎﻧﺸــﺎن اﻧﺘﺨــﺎب ﮔﺮدﯾﺪﻧﺪ. داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﺗﺼـﻮﯾﺮي ادراك ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﮕﯽ و ﭘﺬﯾﺮش اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻫﺎرﺗﺮ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺿـﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔـﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒـﺎخ ﺳﻮاﻻت ﮐﻞ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس 0/78 ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪ، ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﻣﯿﺰان اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮي ادراك ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﮕﯽ و ﭘﺬﯾﺮش اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴـﺘﮕﯽ ﺑـﯿﻦ ادراك ﺷﺎﯾﺴــﺘﮕﯽ و ﭘــﺬﯾﺮش اﺟﺘﻤــﺎﻋﯽ 0/51 ﺑــﺮآورد ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺳـﻄﺢ اﻃﻤﯿﻨـﺎن %95 ﺑﯿﻦ ادراك ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﮕﯽ و ﭘﺬﯾﺮش اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ راﺑﻄـﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري وﺟﻮد دارد. رواﯾـﯽ ﻣﻘﯿـﺎس ﺑـﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﻋـﺎﻣﻠﯽ اﮐﺘﺸـﺎﻓﯽ ﻣــﻮرد ﺗﺎﺋﯿـﺪ ﻗــﺮار ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ و 5 ﻋﺎﻣــﻞ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ، ﮐﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ ﻣـﺎدري، ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻻن، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑـﯽ و ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻧـﺎم ﮔـﺬاري ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣـﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس از ﻧﺮم ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the psychometric properties, reliability, validity, and norm of the pictorial scale of perceived competence and social acceptance at preschool boys. The research method was descriptive correlational and statistical methode was exploratory analysis with equamax rotation. The statistical population of preschool boys inhabited at four(1, 4, 14, 19) districts of tehran. 450 preschool boys and 250 teachers were selected using cluster sampling. The data was collected using the pictorial scale of percieved competence and social acceptance for preschool boys(By Sussan Harter). The score of cronbach’s alpha was estimated 0.78 that showed the coefficiency of total questions which indicate there is significant relationship at 95% confident level between percieved competence and social acceptance. The validity of scale was confirmed by the exploratory factor analysis method five factors were extracted named maternal factor, peer factor , social factor, physical and cognitive factor. Findings indicate that the pictorial scale of perceived competence and social acceptance had a proper reliability, validity, and norm in Iranian society.