اثر تيمارهاي مختلف پرايمينگ بر صفات جوانه زني بذر عدس الملوك ( Securigera securidaca ) تحت تنش دماي پايين

The effect of different priming treatments on germination traits of Securigera securidaca seeds under low temperature stress

در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، اﺛﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﺑﺬر ﮔﯿﺎه داروﯾﯽ ﻋﺪساﻟﻤﻠﻮك در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ دﻣﺎي ﭘﺎﺋﯿﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻫﺸﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ دﻣﺎﺋﯽ )35 ،30 ،25 ،20 ،15 ،10 ،5 و 40 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد( ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ )ﻫﯿﺪروﭘﺮاﯾﻢ، اﺳﻤﻮﭘﺮاﯾﻢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﯿﺘﺮات ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ و ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ و ﻋﺪم ﭘﺮاﯾﻢ( ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ دﻣﺎي ﭘﺎﺋﯿﻦ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ درﺻﺪ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪﻧﯽ، ﻃﻮل و وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ، درﺻﺪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل و ﺑﻨﯿﻪ ﺑﺬر ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 5 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﻮﻻر ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ در دﻣﺎي 10 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 20 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ، ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 1 درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺘﺮات ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ در دﻣﺎي 10 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 20 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ و ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي 0/5 درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺘﺮات ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ در دﻣﺎي 10 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت20 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ و10 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﻮﻻر ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ در دﻣﺎي 15 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت20 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دادﻧﺪ اﻣﺎ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻫﯿﺪروﭘﺮاﯾﻢ در دﻣﺎي 15 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 20 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ، ﻃﻮل ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ و ﺑﻨﯿﻪ ﺑﺬر را دارا ﺑﻮد و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ در ﺻﻔﺖ درﺻﺪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﻧﯿﺰ ﺟﺰ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻫﯿﺪرو ﭘﺮاﯾﻢ را ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ در اﮐﺜﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺑﻮده و اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﺳﺎده ﺗﺮ و ارزان ﺗﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻧﻤﻮد

In this research, the effect of different seed priming treatments was investigated on seed germination parameters of Securigera securidaca seeds in the low temperature stress conditions. Seeds first were exposed to eight temperature levels (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C). Experimental treatments included different priming (hydropriming, osmopriming including potassium nitrate and calcium chloride and no priming). The results showed that temperature significantly reduced germination percentage and rate, seedling length and seedling dry weight, normal seedling percentage and seed vigor. 5 mM of calcium chloride treatment at 10°C for 20 h had the highest germination percentage, and 1% of potassium nitrate treatment at 10°C for 20 hours had the maximum seedling dry weight and 0.5% of potassium nitrate at 10°C for 20 hours and 10 mM of calcium chloride treatments at 15°C for 20 hours had the highest percentage of normal seedlings. Hydropriming treatment at 15°C for 20 hours had the highest germination rate, seedling length and seed vigor and was also one of the best treatments in terms of normal seedling percentage. So this treatment can be introduced as a suitable treatment for this plant because it is better in most germination traits and it is easier and cheaper to do.