پژوهشي فقهي‌حقوقي درباره رجوع زوجه به مهريه پس از اسقاط آن

Jurisprudential-legal Research on the Wife's Return to Dower after Waiving IT

مهريه از حقوق زوجه بر زوج است كه مي‌تواند آن را اسقاط كند. پرسش اين است كه: در صورت اسقاط، آيا حق رجوع به آن وجود دارد؟ اين مقاله با روش توصيفي، تحليلي و انتقادي، و اسناد كتاب‌خانه‌اي در چارچوب مباني و قواعد فقهي و حقوقي به اين نتيجه دست يافته است كه رجوع زوجه به مهريه پس از اسقاط آن در برخي از قالب‌هاي اسقاط مانند ابراء مهريه ديني، هبه مهريه عيني مقبوض، عفو، صلح، صدقه عيني مقبوض، اعراض و در برخي از زمان‌هاي اسقاط مانند اسقاط مهر مسماي بعد از عقد و طلاق و قبل از دخول، اسقاط مهر مثل قبل از دخول توسط زوجه مفوضه، اسقاط مهر متعه قبل از طلاق توسط زوجه مفوضه جايز و صحيح نيست و در برخي از قالب‌هاي اسقاط مانند ابراء مهريه عيني، هبه مهريه عيني غيرمقبوض، صدقه عيني غيرمقبوض و برخي زمان‌هاي اسقاط مانند اسقاط مهر مسماي قبل از عقد، اسقاط مهر مثل بعد از دخول توسط زوجه مفوضه، اسقاط مهر متعه بعد از طلاق توسط زوجه مفوضه، جايز و صحيح است.

The dower is the wife's right over her husband which can be waived by her. The question is: in case of waiving the right, is there any way to refer to it? Using descriptive, analytical and critical method and library sources, this research, within the framework of jurisprudential and legal principles and rules, has reached the conclusion that the wife's reference to the dower is not correct after waiving it in some forms of relinquishment such as acquitting the loan dower, giving the concrete dower that has been taken as a gift or alms, pardoning, making peace and abandoning. Also, it is not valid in some occasions of relinquishment such as waiving the determined dower before sexual intercourse whether after marriage or after divorce, abrogating the conventional dower before intercourse by the authorized wife and abandoning the temporary marriage's dower before divorce by the authorized wife. In contrast, in some forms of relinquishment (such as acquitting the concrete dower and giving the concrete dower that has not been taken as a gift or alms) as well as in some occasions of relinquishment (such as waiving the determined dower before marriage, abrogating the conventional after intercourse by the authorized wife and abandoning the temporary marriage's dower after divorce by the authorized wife) the wife's reference to the dower is correct.