ارزيابي اثر تاريخ كشت بر عملكرد و انتقال مجدد ماده خشك ارقام گندم

Evaluation of the effect of planting date on yield and dry matter remobilization of wheat cultivars

ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﺸﺖ در ارﻗﺎم ﮔﻨﺪم ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺠﺪد ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1396-97 در اﻫﻮاز ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﯾﮏﺑﺎر ﺧﺮدﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر اﺻﻠﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ 20 آذر، 10 دي و 30 دي و ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻬﺎر رﻗﻢ ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﺎن ﭼﻤﺮان-2، ﺳﯿﺮوان، ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎن و ﭼﻤﺮان ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ و رﻗﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﺟﺎري، ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﺟﺎري، ﻣﯿﺰان اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺠﺪد و ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺠﺪد در ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد و اﺛﺮ ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ و رﻗﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺷﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ 20 آذرﻣﺎه و رﻗﻢ ﭼﻤﺮان-2 )5420 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ در ﺣﺎﻟﯿﮑﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ 30 ديﻣﺎه و رﻗﻢ ﺳﯿﺮوان )2660 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( ﺑﻮد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺠﺪد از ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ 20 آذرﻣﺎه) 153/45 ﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ( و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ آن از ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ 30 ديﻣﺎه )100/25 ﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ( ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. درﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ، ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ 20 آذرﻣﺎه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﺪن ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ دﻣﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در دوره روﯾﺸﯽ و زاﯾﺸﯽ و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب آن ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺠﺪد ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ ﮔﻨﺪم در رﻗﻢ ﭼﻤﺮان-2 ﺑﺮﺗﺮ از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﻮد.

In order to evaluate different planting dates in wheat cultivars on yield and remobilization of dry matter in the crop year 1396-97 in Ahvaz in the form of split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. the main factor included three planting dates of December 11, 31 December and January 20 and the sub-factor included four bread wheat cultivars Chamran-2, Sirvan, Mehregan and Chamran. the results showed that the effect of planting date and cultivar on current photosynthesis rate, current photosynthesis efficiency, remobilization rate and remobilization efficiency was significant at 1% level and the interaction effect of planting date and cultivar on grain yield and biological yield was significant at 1% level. the highest grain yield was obtained on planting date of December 11 and Chamran-2 cultivar (5420 kg/ha) while the lowest grain yield was obtained on planting date of 31 December and Sirvan cultivar (2660 kg/ha). the highest amount of remobilization was obtained from the date of planting on December 11 (153.45 g/m2) and the lowest rate was obtained from the date of planting on January 20 (100.25 g/m2). as a result, the planting date of December 11 was superior to other planting dates due to the provision of suitable temperature and radiation conditions in the vegetative and reproductive period and its favorable effect on yield and dry matter transfer of wheat in Chamran-2 cultivar.