بررسي اثر شوري بر عملكرد دانه، غلظت سديم و پتاسيم 18 ژنوتيپ گندم نان در مرحله پرشدن دانه

Study of salinity effect on grain yield, sodium and potassium accumulation on Eighteen wheat (Triticum aestium L.) genotypes in grain-filling stages

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن در ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻬﺎن از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري اﺳﺖ. اﺻﻼح ﺧﺎكﻫﺎي ﺷﻮر، ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ آﺑﯿﺎري و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان روشﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻮري ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ و ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﯽ اراﯾﻪ دﻫﻨﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﮔﻠﺪاﻧﯽ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺑﯿﺮون از ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ )ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ(، ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻶ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ 18 ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﺎن در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﺳﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎ آب ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ )1/63 دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ( ﺷﻮري 14 دﺳﯽزﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ و ﺷﻮري 21 دﺳﯽزﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻮري ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي وزن ﺧﺸﮏ، وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻧﺴﺒﯽ آب اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. رﻗﻢ سيروان در هر دو سطح شوري 14 دسي­زيمنس (17/30 ميلي­گرم بر گرم وزن خشك سديم) و 21 دسي­زيمنس (28/43 ميلي­گرم بر گرم وزن خشك سديم) داراي بيشترين ميزان سديم برگ و رقم افلاك (8/70 ميلي­گرم بر گرم وزن خشك سديم)، داراي كمترين ميزان سديم در شرايط تنش شوري 21 دسي­زيمنس بود.با توجه به نتايج بدست آمده در بين ژنوتيپ­هاي مورد بررسي در اين پژوهش افلاك به‌عنوان رقم متحمل، رقم سيروان به‌عنوان حساس و رقم ارگ به‌عنوان متوسط از ميان ارقام سازگار به شرايط خوزستان انتخاب شدند.

Salinity stress is a major problem of limiting agricultural productivity and plant growth in many regions of the word including Khuzestan. There are various practices that can apply including Improvement of saline soils and irrigation management and introduction of toleratedcultivars. The aim of experiment is introducing tolerant and semi tolerant cultivars in many regions for acceptable crop yields. Breeding for salinity tolerance, pot experiment under natural conditions in a completely randomized design and enforced in three replications in three states in a stress, fourteen ds/m and twenty-one ds/m. Genotypes were evaluated for salinity tolerance by using dry matter of grain, seed number, grain yield, 1000- grain weight, and relative water content, leaf Na+, leaf K+, leaf K+/Na+. Sirvan cultivar at both salinity levels 14 (17.30 mg / g) and 21 (28.43 mg / g) ds/m, had the highest amount of leaf sodium and aflak cultivar (8.70 mg / g dry weight), had the lowest sodium concentration under 21 ds/m salinity stress. According to the results, among the genotypes studied, aflak as resistant cultivar, Sirvan as susceptible and Arg cultivar as a medium were selected from varieties adapted to Khuzestan conditions