بررسي اثر نانو ذرات آهن و منيزيم و تاريخ كاشت بر عملكرد و ميزان نيترات غده سيب زميني

Effect of Iron and Magnesium Nanoparticles and Planting Date on Yield and Nitrate Content in Potato Tubers

اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻧﻮ و ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺳﯿﺐ زﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻧﯿﺘﺮات و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻏﺪه ﺳﯿﺐزﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ذرات آﻫﻦ و ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾﻢ در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در رﻗﻢ "ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻪ"، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي دوﺑﺎر ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﻣﺰارع ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ ﺟﻬﺎد ﮐﺸﺎورزي واﻗﻊ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي اﺳﻼمآﺑﺎد و زﻫﮑﻠﻮت اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر اﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ذرات آﻫﻦ و ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾﻢ )0، 1 و 2 درﺻﺪ( در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ و ﭘﺮﺷﺪن ﻏﺪهﻫﺎ و ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﻓﺮﻋﯽ-ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دو ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺸﺖ )5 و 25 ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺎه( ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ وزن ﻏﺪه ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ذرات ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ )0.05p(، اﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻏﺪه ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ )0.01

The use of nanofertilizers and planting date might improve potato performance. In order to study nitrate accumulation and yield changes of potato tubers using different concentrations of iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) nano-particles in cultivation date of "Sante" cultivar, a split-split plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications were carried out in Research Farms of Jihad Keshavarzi located in Islamabad and Zeh-e Kalut region of Kerman province. Area as main factor and sub-factor including spraying of Fe and Mg nanoparticles (0, 1 and 2%) at flowering and tuber filling stages and sub-sub plot include two planting dates (5 and 25 October) were investigated. Results showed that mean tuber weight was significantly affected by different treatments of nano-particle spraying (p<0.05). Effect of experimental treatments (area and date of planting) and their two and three effects was non-significant on tuber weight (p>0.05), but on yield were significant (p<0.01). The highest yield was related to 2% spraying of Fe+Mg nano-particles on 5 October in Zeh-e Kalut area. Also, the highest tuber nitrate was obtained in control (spraying with distilled water) treatment. 1% Fe nano-particles and 1% Fe nanoparticle+2% Mg nanoparticle was divided into a single statistical group and showed significant difference with other treatments (p<0.05). For all measured traits, it seems that the use of low consumption and essential elements through preservation of leaf greenness, improvement of photosynthetic system and increasing leaf durability led to increase length of tuber filling and tuber conversion and decrease in tuber nitrate.