تحليل تقابل گفتمان هاي حاكم بر نقاشي ديواري پسا انقلاب در شهر تهران(1397-1357)

Analysis of the Confrontation of Post-Revolutionary Wall Painting Discourses in Tehran (1979-2019)

ﺑﺪون اﻏﺮاق، ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ي اﻧﻘﻼب اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺳﺎل 1357 از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺮ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ي زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽ دﯾـﻮاري ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ي ﺟﻮش اﻣﺮ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﭙﻬﺮﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ در ﺑﺰﻧﮕﺎه اﻧﻘﻼب رﺷﺪ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﯾﺎﻓـﺖ . اﯾـﻦ دوران ﻫﻤﭽـﻮن ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ي ﻋﻄﻔـﯽ در ﺗـﺎرﯾﺦ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ آن ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﮐﻠﯿﺪ ﻓﻬﻢ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﯿﺎﺳـﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ . ﭘﮋوﻫﺸـﮕﺮ، ﺑـﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻓﻮق اﻟﻌﺎده ي ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ي ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﻻﮐﻼ و ﻣﻮﻓﻪ در ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻣﻮر و ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﯾـﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﯾـﻪ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﻈﺮي و روﺷﯽ ﺧﻮد ﺑﺮﮔﺰﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﻧﻮآوري ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺟﺴﺘﻦ از اﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ و ﺑﺎ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﻗـﺮار دادن آﺛﺎر ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽ دﯾﻮاري در درون ﺑﺴﺘﺮ و زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ي ﻇﻬﻮرﺷﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺗﯽ ﮔﻔﺘﻤـﺎﻧﯽ اﻧـﺪ، درﺻـﺪد ﭘﺎﺳـﺨﮕﻮﯾﯽ ﺑـﻪ اﯾـﻦ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ اﻧﻘﻼب ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﮓ ﻣﺘﺤﻮل و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻫـﺮ دوره ي زﻣﺎﻣـﺪاري دال ﻫـﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ دال ﻣﺮﮐﺰي اﻧﻘﻼب اﻓﺰوده ﯾﺎ از آن ﮐﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﻧﻤﻮد ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ - اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ دوران اﻧﻘـﻼب و ﭘﺴﺎ اﻧﻘﻼب در ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽ ﻫﺎي دﯾﻮاري دﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﯾﻪ ي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دال ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﮐﺰي در ﭼﻬﻞ ﺳﺎل اﺳـﺘﻘﺮار ﺟﻤﻬﻮري اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع آﺷﮑﺎر ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن اﻧﻘﻼب در ﻃﯽ ﮔﺬار ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﺟﻨـﮓ و ﺳـﭙﺲ اﻧﺘﻘـﺎل ﺑـﻪ دوران ﺗﺜﺒﯿـﺖ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ- اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﯾﯽ رواﺑﻂ ﻗﺪرت ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺑﻨﯿﺎدﯾﻨﯽ در ﺷﯿﻮه ي ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎﻧﺪن ﺟﻬﺎن ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ.ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺪرت ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﮐﺎﻧﻮن روﻧﺪ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ و ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮي دو ﺣﻮزه ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽ دﯾﻮاري ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻗﻄﺐ ﺳﺎزي و ﻏﯿﺮﯾﺖ اﺻـﻮل ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﻮد را ﺷﮑﻞ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ دادﻧﺪ.

Without exaggeration, the phenomenon of the Islamic Revolution in 1978 has been one of the most important factors affecting the biological field of Iranian society. Mural painting grew and expanded as a boiling point of politics with the public sphere at the time of the revolution. This period is like a turning point in the political history of Iran, the recognition of which can be the key to understanding how contemporary political and social currents are formed. Due to the relevance of the subject and the extraordinary ability of Laclau and Mouffe's theory of discourse in the analysis of socio-political affairs and phenomena, the researcher has chosen this theory as his theoretical and methodological framework, and the innovation of such research is that by using This theory, by basing the murals in the context of their emergence as texts that are the products of discourse, has sought to answer the question of how the political discourses of the revolution evolved into the stabilizing discourse of war and then according to each The period of rule of various signs has been added or reduced to the central sign of the revolution. In this regard, how the socio-political developments of the revolution and post-revolution in the murals have been the subject of this research. Examining and analyzing the central signs in the forty years of the establishment of the Islamic Republic, it became clear that the discourse of the revolution during the transition to the discourse of war and then the transition to the period of stabilization under the influence of sociology-political factors and shifting power relations with fundamental changes in world representation.