برآورد عوامل محدودكننده عملكرد گندم (.Triticum aestivum L) با استفاده از روش تحليل مقايسه كاركرد (CPA) در منطقه خرمشهر

Estimation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield limiting factors using comparative performance analysis (CPA) method in Khorramshahr region in Iran

ﯾﮑﯽ از راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد در واﺣﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد واﻗﻌﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ در ﻧﻈﺎمﻫﺎي زراﻋﯽ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺳﺎزي ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ زراﻋﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮔﻨﺪم در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺧﺮﻣﺸﻬﺮ در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1397-98 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ 60 ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﻮع در ﺳﻄﺢ زﯾﺮﮐﺸﺖ، ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت زراﻋﯽ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اﺧﺬ ﺷﺪه از ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﺧـﺪﻣﺎت و ﭘﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺧﻼء ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد )CPA( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـﺪ. در اﯾـﻦ روش ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﺪل ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد، راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﮔﺎم ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎم ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﺪل ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد، ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ در ﻣﺰارع ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، در ﻣﺪل ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﺪه و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪل ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮار دادن ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ در ﻣﺪل ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺼـﻮل ﺑـﺮآورد ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺼﻮل و ﺧﻼء ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﻨﺪم در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮﻣﺸـﻬﺮ ﺑـﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿـﺐ 5455 ،3740 و 1715 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺧﻼء ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد 31/5 درﺻﺪي ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪه در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪه ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺑﺎﻻي ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ روشﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ زراﻋﯽ دارد. ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﺧﻼء ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﻨﺪم ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﯿﺰان اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ )579 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر(، ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻼت ﮐﺸﺎورزان )292 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر(، ﺗﻌﺪاد دﻓﻌﺎت آﺑﯿﺎري )279 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر(، ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐـﻮد ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ )256 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( و روش ﮐﺎﺷﺖ )179 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. اﯾـﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫـﺎ در ﻣﺠﻤـﻮع 87/45 درﺻـﺪ از ﺧـﻼء ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪه ﮔﻨﺪم را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دادﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ زراﻋﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺧـﻼء ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺰارع ﮔﻨﺪم در ﺧﺮﻣﺸﻬﺮ را ﮐﺎﻫﺶداد.

One way to increase crop yield per unit of area is to close the gap between actual and potential yield in cropping systems. This study was conducted to determine the factors that affeced wheat yield gap in Khorramshahr, Iran during 2018-2019 growing season. In this study 60 fields of different areas under cultivation, field management practices and grain yield yield levels were surveyed based on information from agricultural services centers and continuous monitoring. Comparative performance analysis (CPA) method was used to evaluate the grain yield gap. Theaverage grain yield, attainable grain yield and wheat yield gap in Khorramshahr were 3740, 5455 and 1715 kg.ha-1, respectively. Estimated yield gap (31.5%) in this study indicated that the high importance of appropriate management practices on wheat grain yield. Most important variables affected wheat grain yield gap were included Illoxane herbicide application (579 kg.ha-1), farmers education level (292 kg.ha-1), irrigation intervals (279 kg.ha-1), potassium fertilizer application rate (256 kg.ha-1) and planting machinery and equipment (179 kg.ha-1). These factors accounted for 87.45% of the calculated grain yield gap. The results of this study showed that by improving crop management practices, the grain yield gap of wheat fields in Khorramshahr region can be reduced.