پديد آورندگان :
ﻣﺘﻘﯽ، ﻣﻬﺪي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزي - ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت و آﻣﻮزش ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﻤﺪان - بخش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم زراﻋﯽ و ﺑﺎﻏﯽ، ﻫﻤﺪان، اﯾﺮان , ﻣﺎﻫﺮخ، ﻋﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت اﺻﻼح و ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻧﻬﺎل و ﺑﺬر - ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﮐﺮج، اﯾﺮان , ﺳﯿﺪان، ﻣﺤﺴﻦ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزي - ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت و آﻣﻮزش ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﻤﺪان - ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﻫﻤﺪان، اﯾﺮان
كليدواژه :
آراﯾﺶ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ دو ردﯾﻔﻪ , ﺑﻬﺮه وري آب , درآﻣﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ , ذرت ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪاي و ﻧﺸﺎﮐﺎري
چكيده فارسي :
ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ و آراﯾﺶ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ در ﮐﺸﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﮐﯿﻔﯿـﺖ ذرت ﻋﻠﻮﻓـﻪاي رﻗـﻢ 703، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸـﯽ ﺑﻪﺻـﻮرت ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﺧﺮدﺷﺪه ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار ﻃﯽ ﺳـﺎلﻫﺎي زراﻋـﯽ 1397 و 1398 در اﯾﺴـﺘﮕﺎه اﮐﺒﺎﺗﺎن ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت و آﻣﻮزش ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﻤﺪان اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺎرﯾﺦﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﺷﺖ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ؛ 15 اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖ،10 ﺧﺮداد، ﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﯿﺮ و30 ﺗﯿﺮ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ آراﯾﺶ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ در دو ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ردﯾﻒ؛ 70 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﯾﮏ ردﯾﻔﻪ )روش ﻣﺮﺳﻮم( و 140 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ دو ردﯾﻔﻪ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ و روش ﮐﺎﺷﺖ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ؛ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺬر، ﻧﺸﺎﮐﺎري ﺗﮏ ﻧﺸﺎﯾﯽ و ﺟﻔﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ در ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ و 102000 ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪﺗﺮ )65430 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ )2437 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺸﺖ دوم ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣـﺪ. در آراﯾـﺶ ﮐﺎﺷـﺖ دو ردﯾﻔـﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮد ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪﺗﺮ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 20 و 14/5 درﺻﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از آراﯾﺶ ﺗﮏ ردﯾﻔﻪ ﺑﻮد. ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪﺗﺮ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ در ﮐﺸﺖ ﺗﮏ ﻧﺸﺎﯾﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 11/5و 10/8 درﺻﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺬر و 6/6 و 7/4 درﺻﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﮐﺸﺖ ﺟﻔـﺖ ﻧﺸـﺎﯾﯽ ﺑـﻮد. در ﮐﺸـﺖﻫﺎي زودﻫﻨﮕﺎم و دﯾﺮﻫﻨﮕﺎم، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪﺗﺮ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﺖ دو ردﯾﻔﻪ ﺗﮏ ﻧﺸﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺑﻬﺮه وري ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑـﯽ، درآﻣﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ و ﺑﻬﺮه وري اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي آب ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس درآﻣﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ در آراﯾﺶ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ دو ردﯾﻔﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ آراﯾﺶ ﻣﺮﺳﻮم ﯾـﮏ ردﯾﻔـﻪ، ﺑـﻪ ترتيب 167/6، 53/6 و 237 درصد بيشتر بود و ميزان افزايش آنها براي جايگزيني كشت مستقيم بذر با روش تك نشايي به ترتيب 42، 12/1 و 33/8 درﺻﺪ و ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﺑﺎ روش ﺟﻔﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 4/5 ،32/8 و 24/7 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﯿﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ و ﺑﻬﺮهوري آب در ﮐﺸﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﯾﯽ دو ردﯾﻔﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ 50 درﺻﺪي ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮارﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﯾـﻦ روش )ﺗﺮﺟﯿﺤـﺎ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﺟﻔﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ(، ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺬر در زراﻋﺖ ذرت ﻋﻠﻮﻓـﻪاي ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻪ است.
چكيده لاتين :
To investigate the effect of planting date and planting pattern on yield and quality characteristics of forage maize cv. KSC703 in transplanting method, split plot factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replications was employed at Ekbatan research station of Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Hamedan, Iran, in 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. Planting date at four levels; 05 May, 31 May, 26 June and 21 July with planting pattern at two levels; one-row with row spacing of 70 cm (conventional planting pattern) and two-rows with row spacing of 140 cm assigned to main plots and planting method at three levels; direct seeding, single and two seedlings were randomized in sub-plots. Plant density was 102,000 plants per hectare for all treatments. The highest fresh forage and protein yield obtained in the second planting date (65430 and 2437 kg.ha-1, respectively). In two-rows pattern, the fresh forage and protein yield were 20% and 14.5% higher than one-row pattern, respectively. Fresh forage and protein yield in single transplant were 11.5% and 10.8% higher than direct seeding and 6.6% and 7.4% higher than two seedlings, respectively. In early and late planting dates, single transplant had the highest fresh forage and protein yield (first planting date: 62883 and 2412 kg.ha-1 and third planting date: 57515 and 2115 kg.ha-1 and fourth planting date: 4755 and 1308 kg.ha-1, respectively). The rates of physical water productivity, net income and economic water productivity based on net income in two-rows pattern were 167.6%, 53.6% and 237% higher than in conventional one-row pattern, respectively. The rates of the above traits to replace direct seeding with single seedling increased by 42%, 12.1% and 33.8%, and to replace with two seedlings increased by 32.8%, 4.5% and 24.7% increase, respectively. Due to the significant increase in forage yield and water productivity as well as with 50% reduction in costs of irrigation tape under transplanting in two-rows pattern, this method (preferably as two seedlings for reducing production costs) is recommended as a suitable alternative method for direct seeding of forage maize production.
