مقايسه روشهاي هيدرولوژيكي احتساب كننده رطوبت خاك و نروفازي در شبيه‌سازي بارش- رواناب (مطالعه موردي: حوضه آبخيز زولاچاي)

Comparison of Soil Moisture Accounting model and Neuro-fuzzy for Rainfall-Runoff Modeling (Case study: Zola Chay watershed)

ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزي ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺣﻮزهﻫﺎي آﺑﺨﯿﺰ، ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ دﺑﯽ اوج و ﺣﺠﻢ ﺳـﯿﻼب ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ازﺑﺎرﻧـﺪﮔﯽ ﻫـﺎ، روﻧـﺪ ﯾـﺎﺑﯽ ﺳـﯿﻼب در رودﺧﺎﻧـﻪ ﻫـ ﺎ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﻫﯿﺪروﮔﺮاف ﺳﯿﻼب ﻫﺎ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎي اﺣﺘﺴﺎب ﮐﻨﻨﺪه رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺧﺎك )HMS SMA( و ﻧﺮوﻓﺎزي در ﺑﺮآورد دﺑـﯽ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ روزاﻧﻪ، ﺣﺠﻢ رواﻧﺎب و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻫﯿﺪروﮔﺮاف ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺑﺎرش-رواﻧﺎب در ﺣﻮزه آﺑﺨﯿﺰ زوﻻﭼـﺎي ﻣـﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ در اﯾـﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ ﭘـﺲ از ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزي ﺣﻮزه آﺑﺨﯿﺰ در اﻟﺤﺎﻗﯿﻪ HEC-GeoHMS، ﻣﺪل ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ HEC-HMS وارد و ﺑﺎ ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺪل اﺣﺘﺴﺎب ﮐﻨﻨـﺪه رﻃ ﻮﺑـﺖ ﺧـﺎك، ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﺑﺎرش-رواﻧﺎب در ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﻘﯿﺎسﻫﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻘﯿﺎسﻫﺎي زﻣﺎﻧﯽ واﺳﻨﺠﯽ و ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪﺳـﺎزي ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫـﺎي ﻣـﺪل HMS SMA ﻣـﯽ ﺗـﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ در ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزي ﺑﺎرش-رواﻧﺎب دﻗﯿﻖﺗﺮ از ﻣﻘﯿﺎسﻫﺎي زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ، ﻧﯿﻢﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ و ﻓﺼﻠﯽ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻘﯿـﺎس زﻣـﺎﻧﯽ ﻓﺼﻠﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﻘﯿﺎسﻫﺎي زﻣﺎﻧﯽ دﺑﯽ اوج را ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ ﺑﺰﻧﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ واﺳﻨﺠﯽ و ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎزي روﺷﻬﺎي اﺣﺘﺴﺎب ﮐﻨﻨﺪه رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺧـﺎك و ﻧﺮوﻓـﺎزي ﻧﺸﺎن داد روش ﻓﺎزي ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ آﻣﺎري )ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻧﺎش-ﺳﺎﺗﮑﻠﯿﻒ 0/76 و ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎت ﺧﻄﺎي 0/18(، دﻗﯿﻖﺗﺮ از روش SMA، ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳـﺎزي ﺑﺎرش-رواﻧﺎب را اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ.

Hydrological simulation of watersheds applies for estimating peak discharge and runoff volume from rainfall, flood routing in rivers and flood hydrograph analysis. The purpose of this study is application of soil moisture accounting (HMS SMA) and Neuro-fuzzy models in daily flow, runoff volume and hydrograph analysis of the simulated rainfall - runoff in the Zola Chay watershed. In this study after of Zola Chay watershed modeling with HEC-GeoHMS Extension, the model entered to HEC-HMS program and by parameters estimating of soil moisture accounting model, the rainfall- runoff simulation in other scales has been done. By analysis of time scales for calibration and optimization of HMS SMA model parameters we can claim that the monthly time scale rainfall - runoff simulation accurate than annual, seasonal, semiannual and annual time scales can be better than the other time scales of flow to estimate peak. Comparing the calibration and optimization soil moisture and Neuro-fuzzy methods revealed that fuzzy method can simulate rainfall- runoff relationship better than SMA model by best statistical coefficients (E= 0.76 and RMSE= 0.18).