ارزيابي برخي ويژگي‌هاي جوانه‌زني بذر گياهان خرفه، تاج‌خروس و پنيرك در شرايط تنش شوري و خشكي

Some germination characteristics of Portulaca oleracea L., Malva neglecta Wallr., and Amaranthus retroflexus L. under salinity and drought Stress conditions

ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺧﺸﮏ و ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ، ﮐﻤﺒﻮد آب آﺑﯿﺎري و ﺷﻮري آب و ﺧﺎك اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈـﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري و ﺧﺸﮑﯽ، ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺧﺮﻓﻪ، ﺗﺎجﺧﺮوس و ﭘﻨﯿﺮك ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪاي ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ ﻃـﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﺪرس در ﺳﺎل 1395 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷـﺪ. ﺳـﻄﻮح ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ اﺳﻤﺰي و ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﮏ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري )0، 6- و 12- ﺑﺎر( و ﺧﺸﮑﯽ )0، 3- و 6- ﺑﺎر( ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اول و ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﺮﻓﻪ، ﺗﺎج ﺧﺮوس و ﭘﻨﯿﺮك ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ دوم در دو آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻣﺠﺰا اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﻧـﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺻﻔﺖ درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ در ﮔﯿﺎه ﭘﻨﯿﺮك، ﺗﺤﺖﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﺛﺮات ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري و ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري و ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﮐﺜﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در ﻫﺮ ﮔﯿﺎه ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺑﺪون ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺮﻓﻪ و ﺗﺎجﺧﺮوس ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ و ﻗﺪرت ﺳﺒﺰ ﺷﺪن ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ، ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ وﺟﻮد اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺰﯾﻢﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻻز، ﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯿﺪاز و ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ در ﮔﯿﺎه ﭘﻨﯿﺮك ﺑﻪﺧﺼﻮص در ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري 6- ﺑﺎر و ﺧﺸﮑﯽ 3- ﺑﺎر ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دوﮔﻮﻧﻪ دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﻮد. در ﻣﻮرد ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺧﺮﻓﻪ و ﺗﺎج ﺧﺮوس ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري و ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﺑﺬور ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ در آنﻫﺎ در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ آب ﯾﺎ ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺴﻢ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﻮازﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢﮐﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

One of the major problems in arid and semi-arid conditions is the lack of irrigation water, and soil and water salinity. In order to investigate the effect of salinity and drought stress on the quantitative and qualitative germination characteristics of portulaca, malva and amaranthus, a study done as factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications in the research laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture in 2016. In the first experiment first factor was effect of salt stress including NaCl was the effect of osmotic potential level (0, -6 and -12 bar) and the Second factor three weeds spicefic (Portulaca, Malva and Amaranthus). In the second experiment first factor was effect of drought stress including PEG 6000 was the effect of osmotic potential level (0, -3 and -6 bar) and the Second factor three weeds spicefic (Portulaca, Malva and Amaranthus). The results showed that all the studied traits except the germination percentage in cheese plant were affected by the interaction effects of salinity and drought stress. Salinity and drought stress reduced most of the studied traits in each plant. In non-stress conditions, portulaca and amaranthus had the highest percentage of germination and seedling germination vigor, however, increasing the activity of catalase, peroxidase and protein concentrations in cheese plant, especially in salinity stress -6 times and drought-3 times, indicated a higher resistance of this plant than the other two species. In the case of portulaca and amaranthus, salinity and drought stress reduced seed germination, which seems to reduce germination due to reduced water availability or interference with some aspects of metabolism, such as altering the balance of growth regulators.