كاهش اثرات منفي تنش خشكي در گياهچه كنجد با استفاده از پيشتيمار و آبياري‌كردن با عصاره هاي تفاله موم زنبور عسل و گياه شيرين‌بيان

Alleviating drought stress in sesame seedling by priming and irrigation of beeswax waste and licorice extracts

ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﭘﯿﺶﺗﯿﻤﺎر و آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ ﻋﺼﺎرهﻫﺎي ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻮم زﻧﺒﻮر ﻋﺴﻞ و ﮔﯿﺎه ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦﺑﯿﺎن ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ، ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﻨﺠﺪ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﭘﯿﺶﺗﯿﻤﺎر در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ )ﭘﯿﺶﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺎ آب، ﭘﯿﺶﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺎ ﻋﺼﺎره ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻮم زﻧﺒﻮر ﻋﺴﻞ در ﻏﻠﻈﺖ2000 ﭘﯽﭘﯽام، ﭘﯿﺶﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺎ ﻋﺼﺎره ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦﺑﯿﺎن در ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 5000 ﭘﯽﭘﯽام(، آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ ﻋﺼﺎره در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ )آب، ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻮم زﻧﺒﻮر ﻋﺴﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ2000 ﭘﯽﭘﯽام، ﻋﺼﺎره ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦﺑﯿﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 5000 ﭘﯽﭘﯽام( و ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ ) 0، 2- ، 4- و 6- ﺑﺎر( ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﭘﯿﺶﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺬور ﺑﺎ ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻮم زﻧﺒﻮر ﻋﺴﻞ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ و درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ، ﻃﻮل رﯾﺸﻪﭼﻪ، ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻗﻪﭼﻪ و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺰﯾﻢﻫﺎي CAT و APX را در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار داد و ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﺳﯿﻮن ﻟﯿﭙﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﻏﺸﺎء و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ و آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ ﻋﺼﺎرهﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ ﻋﺼﺎره ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦﺑﯿﺎن و ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻮم زﻧﺒﻮر ﻋﺴﻞ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺰﯾﻢﻫﺎي APX و CAT ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ آب ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ و ﻃﻮل رﯾﺸﻪﭼﻪ و ﺳﺎﻗﻪﭼﻪ را ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪ. ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ ﭘﯿﺶﺗﯿﻤﺎر و آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ ﻋﺼﺎرهﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ CAT )0/377 واﺣﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ( و APX )0/557 واﺣﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ(، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ )21/53 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ-ﮔﺮم(، ﻃﻮل رﯾﺸﻪﭼﻪ )54/53 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ( و ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻗﻪﭼﻪ )9/33 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ( ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﺶﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺎ ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻮم زﻧﺒﻮر ﻋﺴﻞ و آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦﺑﯿﺎن ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﺑﻪﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮات ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ در ﮔﯿﺎه ﮐﻨﺠﺪ، ﭘﯿﺶﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺎ ﻋﺼﺎره ﺗﻔﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻮم زﻧﺒﻮر ﻋﺴﻞ ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺮاه آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ ﻋﺼﺎره ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦﺑﯿﺎن ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

In order to study the effect of priming and irrigation with beeswax waste and licorice extracts on germination, morphological and biochemical characteristics of sesame in drought stress condition, an experiment was conducted as factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design with four replications. The experimental treatments were drought stress (0, -2, -4 and -8 bar), priming (priming with water, beeswax waste extract at 2000 ppm and licorice extract at 5000 ppm) and irrigation with the extracts (water, beeswax waste extract at 2000 ppm and licorice extract at 5000 ppm). The results showed that the priming with beeswax waste extract caused to increase in percentage and speed of germination, seedling dry matter, radicle and plumule length, and CAT and APX activitie in drought stress condition, but MDA and proline contents were significantly decreased by that. Interaction of drought and irrigation showed that in drought stress condition, irrigation with beeswax and licorice extract led to increasing CAT and APX activities that consequently resulted to increasing seedling dry matter and radicle and plumule length. Interaction of priming and irrigation showed that the highest values of seedling dry matter (21.53 mg), radicle length (54.53 mm), plumule length (9.33 mm), CAT (0.377 unit mg-1 protein) and APX (0.557 unit mg-1 protein) activities was assigned to interaction of priming with beeswax waste extract × irrigation with licorice extract. Therefore, it seems that the most appropriate treatment for alleviating the negative effects of drought stress on sesame is pre-treatment with beeswax waste extract and irrigation with licorice extract.