تاثير محلول پاشي ساكارز و برخي عناصر غذايي بر تسهيم كربوهيدرات ها در گياه تربچه(Rhaphunus sativus var. sativus)

The effect of foliar spray of sucrose and certain mineral nutrients on carbohydrates partitioning in radish (Rhaphunus sativus var. sativus)

انتقال كربوهيدرات‌ها از برگ‌هاي سبز، عامل رشد و فعاليت بخش‌هاي غيرفتوسنتزكننده گياه مي‌باشد؛ لذا تقويت منابع و كمك به انتقال كربوهيدرات‌ها مي‌تواند منجر به افزايش رشد مقاصد فيزيولوژيكي گردد. در اين پژوهش قصد بر اين بود كه از طريق محلول‌پاشي خارجي ساكارز و عناصر معدني انتقال‌دهنده كربوهيدرات،‌ شامل: پتاسيم، منيزيم و بور قدرت و عملكرد منبع و مخزن فيزيولوژيكي گياه تربچه را مديريت نمود. اين آزمايش در قالب طرح فاكتوريل با دو فاكتور ساكارز در دو سطح (صفر و پنج درصد) و نمك‌هاي معدني در پنج سطح (شاهد، سولفات پتاسيم، نيترات پتاسيم، سولفات منيزيم و نيترات منيزيم) با چهار تكرار و پنج نمونه صورت پذيرفت. نتايج نشان داد كه بيشترين وزن تر اندام هوايي در تيمار ساكارز صفر+سولفات پتاسيم ديده شد. همچنين تمامي تيمارهاي داراي ساكارز نسبت به شاهد از نظر وزن تر و خشك اندام هوايي داراي برتري معني‌داري بودند. بيشترين وزن خشك اندام هوايي تربچه نيز در تيمار ساكارزصفر+سولفات پتاسيم ديده شد. برهمكنش دو فاكتور ساكارز و تغذيه معدني بر وزن تر غده و قطر غده معني‌دار ولي بر وزن خشك آن غيرمعني‌دار بود. ميزان پايين تعرق در تيمار شاهد، بيانگر وجود محدوديت روزنه‌اي جهت انجام فتوسنتز مطلوب در گياهان شاهد مي‌باشد. ميزان رنگيزه‌هاي فتوسنتزي شامل كلروفيل a و كاروتنوئيدها در گياهان تيمارشده با ساكارز به‌طور معني‌داري بيشتر از گياهان شاهد بوده است. تيمار ساكارز+نيترات منيزيم به‌صورت معني‌داري بيشترين درصد كربوهيدرات كل غده و كمترين درصد كربوهيدرات برگ را داشت. به‌طور خلاصه ميتوان گفت كه جهت افزايش عملكرد خوراكي تربچه،ميتوان از محلول‌پاشي سولفات پتاسيم به‌طور موثري استفاده نمود.

Introduction: Carbohydrate export from green leaves is a vital factor for growth and development of non-photosynthetic parts of plants, so both reinforcement of physiological sinks and assistance to carbohydrate translocation, can lead to more growth of physiological sources. Spray of exogenous sucrose has been evaluated in numerous studies and its positive influence was reported in various horticultural crops including tomato (Mashayekhi et al., 2016) and strawberry (Mendoza et al., 2005). In this experiment, it was aimed to manage sink-source relationships via exogenous sucrose spray and contributory elements for carbohydrate translocation comprising potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and boron (B). Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out in factorial format based on completely randomized design in greenhouse conditions with 4 replications and 5 samples. The first factor was sucrose in two levels (control: S0 and 5 percent concentration: S1) and second factor was mineral nutrition in six levels consisting control (C), boric acid (BA), potassium sulfate (PS), potassium nitrate (PN), magnesium sulfate (MS) and magnesium nitrate (MN). An open hydroponic system was used for growing the radishes in cocopeat + perlite (1:1) medium culture. Biomass, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis parameters and carbohydrate allocation were determined to find the best treatment. Results and discussion: The highest fresh weight of aerial part of radish was recorded in S0PS treatment that was significantly more than the others. Treatment of S1MN ranked in second for fresh weight of aerial part. Surprisingly, all of the sucrose treatments caused more fresh and dry weight of aerial parts in comparison with control (S0C). Maximum dry weight of aerial parts was seen in S0PS that was not significantly different with S1MN. Interaction of sucrose and mineral nutrition was statistically significant in fresh weight of tuber but not in dry weight of it. The lowest fresh weight and diameter of radish tuber was observed in S0MS that was not different with S0C and S1BA significantly. The significant lowest transpiration rate recorded in S0C treatment showed stomatal limitation of control plants, so it can be considered an obstacle for normal photosynthesis which removed in treated plants. Chlorophyll a and carotenoids in the radishes treated by sucrose were significantly more than control plants. The treatment of S1MN showed the highest percentage of tuber carbohydrate, although its difference was not statistically significant with S1PS and S1KN. Conclusions: According to the results, spray of potassium sulfate can be recommended to achieve more edible yield of radish. Foliar application of sucrose at the concentration of 5% caused photosynthetic limitations and increased non-photochemical quenching. Because of this reason, lower concentration should be tested in future researches to find the best concentration.