تنوع ژنتيكي نمو فيزيولوژيك بذر طي رسيدگي در برخي از اكوتيپ‌هاي زيره‌ سبز (Cuminum cyminum L.)

Genetic variation of seed physiological development during maturity in some of cumin ecotypes (Cuminum cyminum L.)

ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻧﻤﻮ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﺑﺬر در 14 اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ زﯾﺮه ﺳﺒﺰ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ و ﯾﮏ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻫﻨﺪي، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ ﭘﺮدﯾﺲ اﺑﻮرﯾﺤﺎن داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ دادهﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﺬر در زﻣﺎن ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ و ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ، درﺻﺪ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﺬر ﻗﺒﻞ از زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ، ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﺎ 10 درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل 5 درﺻﺪ دارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪه وﺟﻮد ﺗﻨﻮع ﺑﯿﻦ 15 اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺬﮐﻮر اﺳﺖ. اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻃﻮل ﺑﺬر و اﻧﺪازه ﺟﻨﯿﻦ، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻃﻮل ﺟﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺬر ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري در ﺳﻄﺢ 5 درﺻﺪ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﺮاي آزﻣﻮن ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 15 اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ و دﻣﺎ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ )10، 15 و 20 درﺟﻪ ﺳﻠﺴﯿﻮس( ﺑﻮد. اﺛﺮ دﻣﺎ روي درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﺎ 10، 30 و 50 درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ 5 درﺻﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺷﺪ و ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ در دﻣﺎي 15 درﺟﻪ ﺳﻠﺴﯿﻮس اﺗﻔﺎق اﻓﺘﺎد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ دﻣﺎ و اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ در ﺳﻄﺢ 5 درﺻﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻧﺸﺪ. از ﻣﯿﺎن اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ، اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﮐﻮﻫﺒﻨﺎن" ﺑﺮاي اﮐﺜﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار را دارا ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و ﻣﯽﺗﻮان در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي اﺻﻼﺣﯽ و ﺑﻪزراﻋﯽ از آن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد. اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﭼﺖ" و ﺣﯿﺪرآﺑﺎد ﻫﻨﺪ" ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮاي اﮐﺜﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﮐﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ.

In order to investigate the genetic variation of seed physiological development in 14 ecotypes of Iranian cumin and one Indian genotype, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with four replications in the research farm of callege of Aburaihan, University of Tehran. Results analysis of variance showed that ecotypes had significant difference at 5% probability level for characteristics of wet and dry weight of seed at before harvest time and harvest time, seed moisture content before harvest time, maximum germination percentage and rate to 10% of germination, that it indicates the diversity among the 15 ecotypes for these characteristics. Ecotypes did not have significantly different at the 5% level for seed length and embryo size, also the ratio of embryo length to seed length. Factors investigated for germination test included 15 ecotypes and temperatures at three levels (10, 15 and 20 °C). The effect of temperature on germination percentage and rate to 10, 30 and 50% of germination was significant at 5% level and the most percentage and the rate of germination of ecotypes occurred at temperature of 15 °C. Also, the interaction between temperature and ecotype was not significant at 5% level. Among the ecotypes, the "Kooh-ban@n" ecotype had the highest value for most of the studied characteristics. Therefore, this ecotype is recognized as the best ecotype for characteristics related to germination and it can be used in breeding and farming programs. "Chat" and "Hydarabad" ecotypes had the lowest values for most characteristics.