اثر پيش‌تيمار سديم نيتروپروسايد بر بهبود جوانه‌زني و رشد اوليه سياهدانه (Nigella sativa) تحت تنش شوري

Effect of sodium nitroprusside pretreatment on germination improvement and early growth of black cumin (Nigella sativa) under salinity stress

ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﭘﺮوﺳﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ و ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﮔﯿﺎه داروﯾﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﻫﺪاﻧﻪ ) Nigellasativa( ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﺑﺎﻫﻨﺮ ﮐﺮﻣﺎن اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ، ﺳﺪﯾﻢ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﭘﺮوﺳﺎﯾﺪ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ )0، 50 و 100 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﻮﻻر( ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اول و ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ )0، 50 و 100 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﻮﻻر( ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ دوم ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ )درﺻﺪ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﻨﯿﻪ ﺑﺬر، ﻃﻮل رﯾﺸﻪﭼﻪ و ﺳﺎﻗﻪﭼﻪ، وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ رﯾﺸﻪﭼﻪ، ﺳﺎﻗﻪﭼﻪ و ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻧﺴﺒﯽ آب ﺑﺮگ( ﺷﺪ، در ﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﺘﻮي ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻮري 100 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﻮﻻر در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ، ﺣﺪود 52/2 درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺳﺪﯾﻢ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﭘﺮوﺳﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺻﻔﺎت )ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎي ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﺻﻔﺖ ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ( ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري، ﺑﺬرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 100 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﻮﻻر ﺳﺪﯾﻢ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﭘﺮوﺳﺎﯾﺪ ﭘﯿﺶﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺣﺪود 54/2، 47/7، 63/6 و 20/2 درﺻﺪ در ﺳﺮﻋﺖ و درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﻨﯿﻪ ﺑﺬر و ﻣﺤﺘﻮي ﻧﺴﺒﯽ آب ﺑﺮگ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺬرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ آب ﻣﻘﻄﺮ ﭘﯿﺶﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﯿﺎن ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد اﯾﻦ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢﮐﻨﻨﺪه رﺷﺪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ در اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ و ﻣﺤﺘﻮي ﻧﺴﺒﯽ آب ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﻫﺪاﻧﻪ ﺷﺪ.

To evaluate the effect of sodium nitroprusside on some physiological and germination indices of black cumin (Nigella sativa) under salinity stress, an experiment was conducted in a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design with three replications at research laboratory of Agricultural Faculty, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. Treatments included sodium nitroprusside at three levels (0, 50 and 100 μmol) as the first factor and three levels of salinity stress (0, 50 and 100 mmol) as the second factor. The results showed that increasing salinity stress caused the reduction of all traits of germination index (germination percentage and rate, seed vigor index, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of root, stem and seedling and leaf relative water content), while 100 μmol salinity level caused an increasing of 52.2% in proline content as compared to control. Application of sodium nitroprusside increased all traits (except proline, which had no significant effect on this trait). Seeds which were primed with 100 μmol sodium nitroprusside caused an increment of 54.2, 47.7, 63.6, 20.2 % in germination rate and percentage, seed vigor index and relative water content compared with non-treated seeds at the highest level of salinity stress, respectively. Finally, the application of this plant growth regulator in this experiment enhanced germination indices and relative water content of black cumin seedling.