كليدواژه :
حركت - سكون درون خانه , چيدمان فضا , فرهنگ حريم , ارتباط محيط - انسان , اجزاي مسكن
چكيده لاتين :
BACKGROUND and OBJECTIVES: In the contemporary era, cultural values influenced by individuals’ behavior, attitudes, and beliefs can offer the definition of desired privacy in the human-environment relationship. The most important element of privacy can be interpreted based on the manner and form of the communication. In this interaction, human beings define different preferences and definitions of privacy in relation to others and other spaces. According to these interactions included in Islamic and social interactions, the experiences in the house environment lead to semantic (mental) and physical (objective) movement. In relations that are shaped out of semantic (mental) movement within the house, communication with nature, guests, neighbors, God, spouses, and family is remarkable. The interactions in the house environment can be controlled with motion, visual, auditory, and olfactory senses and help to study the movement in the physical (objective) dimension. The importance of each factor and communication tool in each housing component allows designers and architects to identify the notion of desirable communication privacy in the contemporary era to design the spatial arrangement appropriate to residents’ privacy. The aim is to obtain the desired physical arrangement for creating privacy in accordance with the current Islamic culture in contemporary housing and answer the following questions:
1. What is the relationship between the effective components of human-environment interactions in each functional housing component and the housing spatial arrangement?
2. By recognizing the different effects of communication components representing the individuals’ privacy in each housing component, what environmental solution can be provided for the effective design of the desired spatial layout of the privacy?
3. According to the basic pattern of privacy layout obtained from the Islamic architecture experts’ opinions, how has privacy been arranged in contemporary houses?
METHODS: The To identify the characteristics of human-environment relations, (1) the content of interactions (types of communication that humans have in housing components), (2) the motion, visual, auditory, and olfactory controlling types, and (3) the degree of optimal communication for each component with other functional components of the house has been completed in two parts. A Field research method with a researcher-made questionnaire was completed. The statistical sample size based on Cochran’s formula was 78 Islamic architects, and data were analyzed using SPSS software. The significance of the difference between the humans and house components was determined by Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test. The mean relationship and size of human movement in housing components were compared to identify optimal privacy indicators for spatial arrangement.
FINDINGS: According to statistical data, the living room with low effect can be considered an intermediary element in communication (movement) and creating privacy in the house. Recognizing the best spatial arrangement accepted by people in different biological situations in Islamic culture helps architects determine the value of privacy in the spatial arrangement of contemporary Iranian housing. Therefore, three contemporary Iranian houses with two types of movements that lead to the structural and psychological layout
were selected to investigate the effectiveness of the privacy layout obtained from the
opinions of Islamic architecture experts. In these spaces, (1) the visual privacy with the
visual graph in Depth map software and the (2) space communication (movement) privacy
with the explanatory graph in A-Graph software were fully scrutinized. In the basic model
of spatial arrangement based on Islamic architecture experts’ opinions, the inner core
(private space), the outer core (public space), and the living space, as the interface,
shape the house. Other space functions are located in relation to the interface space by
determining the distance (depth) and the type of proximity (interconnection) with various
physical elements (floor, wall, curtain) in the contemporary model.
CONCLUSION: Designing the space layout based on Islamic documents necessitates
observing four types of visual, motor, auditory and olfactory privacy in indoor and
outdoor spaces. In creating the layout of space, the living room and bedrooms were
among the influential spaces. In recognizing the communication desirability in housing
components, the yard, the living room, and kitchen (extroverted space) were identified
as spaces with a high level of communication. The washing closets and master bedroom
(introverted space) had the lowest preference for human-environment communication.
Three levels of privacy were identified in modern and Islamic houses. The optimal physical
planning of the privacy layout based on the communication desirability in every housing
component can offer a better arrangement of housing spaces. In the basic model of space
layout based on Islamic architects’ opinion, the two inner core (private space) and outer
core (public space) and the living room as the interface between these spaces shape
the housing layout. In the contemporary model, the living room is the main core, and
other spaces are identified by the distance (depth) and the type of proximity (joint) to
other physical elements (floor, wall, curtain ...). The privacy layout of privacy from high
to low was presented based on the current communication and controlling levels in the
contemporary house and ultimately led to the proper location of spaces in today’s housing.
