ارزيابي توان ذخيره‌سازي كربوهيدرات‌هاي ساقه و ارتباط آن با انتقال مجدد در گندم

Stem carbohydrate reserves and its relationship with remobilization in wheat

ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه ﺑﻌﺪ از ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ، ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﻨﺪم در اﯾﺮان و ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﺖ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾـﮏ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ آﺧﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ در ﻏﺮﺑﺎل ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﺆﺛﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻨﻮع در ﺗﻮان ذﺧﯿﺮهﺳـﺎزي و ارﺗﺒـﺎط آن ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺠﺪد در ﮔﻨﺪم ﺑﻮد. 22 رﻗﻢ زراﻋﯽ ﮔﻨﺪم در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﺧﺮدﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار ﮐﺸﺖ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮريﮐﻪ آﺑﯿـﺎري در دو ﺳﻄﺢ آﺑﯿﺎري ﻣﺘﺪاول و ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ )40درﺻﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ زراﻋﯽ( ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ و رﻗﻢ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ در ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪ. ﻣﻘـﺪار ذﺧﯿﺮهﺳﺎزي و اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺠﺪد ﺑﻪ روش وزﻧﯽ و روش ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﮐﺮﺑﻮﻫﯿﺪراتﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮه ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻨﻮع زﯾـﺎدي ﺑـﯿﻦ ارﻗﺎم از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﻮق ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ذﺧﯿﺮهﺳﺎزي در روش وزﻧﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮهﻫﺎي زﯾﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﻮد و ﭘﺪاﻧﮑﻞ و ﭘﻨﺎﻟﺘﯿﻤﯿﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿـﺐ در رﺗﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪي ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. اﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﮐﺮﺑﻮﻫﯿﺪراتﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻮل در ﭘﻨﺎﻟﯿﺘﯿﻤﺖ ﺑﻮد و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮهﻫـﺎي زﯾـﺮﯾﻦ و ﭘـﺪاﻧﮑﻞ در رﺗﺒـﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪي ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. رﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪي ارﻗﺎم از ﻟﺤﺎظ ذﺧﯿﺮهﺳﺎزي ﻧﯿﺰ در دو روش ﻓﻮق ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت از ﯾﮑـﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﺑـﻮد. ﺗـﻨﺶ ﺧﺸـﮑﯽ ﺳـﺒﺐ ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ وزن ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮهﻫﺎ، ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﮐﺮﺑﻮﻫﯿﺪراتﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻮل و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺠﺪد ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. از ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑـﺎ ذﺧﯿﺮهﺳـﺎزي، وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ را ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺠﺪد ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺠﺪد، وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ و ﻣﺤﺘـﻮاي ﮐﺮﺑﻮﻫﯿـﺪراتﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد.

Water Water deficit especially after heading is one of the most effective factors of wheat yield loss in Iran and across the world and identifying the physiological traits related to plant resilience is of great importance in screening for tolerant varieties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation in stem reserves accumulation capacity and its relationship with remobilization in some wheat cultivars. 22 wheat cultivars were cultivated in a split plot design with three replications, full irrigation and 40% of field capacity being main plots. The amount of accumulation and remobilization was estimated by measuring internodes weight and stem soluble carbohydrates content (WSC). Significant genotypic variation among cultivars was observed under both normal and drought conditions. Maximum accumulation was found in lower internodes followed by peduncle and penultimate using dry weight measurement method. In WSC measurement method, however, maximum accumulation was observed in penultimate followed by lower internodes and peduncle. Cultivars ranking based on accumulation was also different in two methods. Drought stress caused decline in internodes weight, WSC and yield and remobilization efficiency. The specific stem weight had the highest correlation with remobilization. Significant correlation was found between grain yield and remobilization, specific stem weight and WSC.