پديد آورندگان :
ﯾﻮﺳﻔﯿﺎن، محبوبه داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﮔﺮﮔﺎن - ﮔﺮوه زراﻋﺖ , ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﯽ، اﻓﺸﯿﻦ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﮔﺮﮔﺎن - گروه زراعت , دﺳﺘﺎن، ﺳﻠﻤﺎن ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﯿﻮﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﮐﺸﺎورزي اﯾﺮان، ﮐﺮج , ﻧﻮروزي، ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻋﺠﻢ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﮔﺮﮔﺎن - ﮔﺮوه زراﻋﺖ
كليدواژه :
ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد , ﺧﻼء ﻧﺴﺒﯽ , ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻧﺴﺒﯽ , ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد واﻗﻌﯽ , ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ زراﻋﯽ
چكيده فارسي :
ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ ﺧﻼء ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﺑﺮاي داﻧﺴﺘﻦ اﻣﮑﺎن رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰيﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ، ﺿﺮورت دارد؛ از اﯾﻦ رو، اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺪود ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ارﻗﺎم ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه از ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺬر ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ، در 100 ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ و از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺳﺎري، ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1394 و 1395 ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﻣﺪل ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد )CPA(، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد واﻗﻌﯽ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ و ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪل، ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 4491 و 5703 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺧﻼء ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد، 1212 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻮد. ﻣﯿﺰان ﺧﻼء ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺗﻌﺪاد دﻓﻌﺎت ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﺮك، 324 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر و ﻣﻌﺎدل 27 درﺻﺪ از ﮐﻞ ﺧﻼء ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺧﻼء ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ آﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﺎل از ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﻘﻮﻻت، 218 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﻣﻌﺎدل 18 درﺻﺪ از ﮐﻞ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻮد. از 10 ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ وارد ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺪل CPA ﺳﻬﻢ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮد ﺳﺮك، ﺗﻌﺪاد دﻓﻌﺎت ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﺮك و ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ، 444 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر، ﻣﻌﺎدل 37 درﺻﺪ از ﮐﻞ ﺧﻼء ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ داﺷﺖ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﺗﻨﺎوب زراﻋﯽ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ در اراﺿﯽ ﺷﺎﻟﯿﺰاري ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد رﺳﯿﺪ. ﻃﺒﻖ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺮزي )BLF(، ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺣﺪ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ 12 ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، 5369 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﺎ ﺧﻼء ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد 881 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻮد. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻧﺴﺒﯽ و ﺧﻼ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺑﺮاي 12 ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 83/64 و 16/35 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﯿﺎن ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ دﻗﺖ ﻣﺪل ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ در ﻫﺮ دو روش ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮد و ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮآورد ﻣﯿﺰان ﺧﻼء ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺪود ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد.
چكيده لاتين :
Identifying the constraining factors of production and yield gap is very important. Therefore; this research was performed to identify the production constraining factors of local rice cultivars. All management practices from nursery preparation to harvesting stages for 100 paddy fields of local rice cultivars were recorded through field studies, in Sari, from 2015-2016. In the CPA, the actual and calculated potential yield were 4495 and 5703 kg/ha, respectively and the gap was 1221 kg/ha. The yield gap caused by number of top-dressing variables was 324 kg/ha, equal to 27% of the total yield gap. The yield gap related to previous year of legumes cultivation was 218 kg ha-1, equal to 18% of the total yield variation. Among the 10 variables entered in the CPA model, the effects of top-dress fertilizer application and its application frequency and foliar application were remarkable, which could compensate a significant part of the yield gap (444 kg/ha, 37% of total) in the farmers’ fields by managing these variables. According to boundary line analysis (BLA) finding, actual yield mean on the basis of optimal limit related to 12 variables under study was 5369 kg/ha, with 881 kg/ha yield gap . Mean relative yield and relative yield gap for 12 variables (transplanting date, seedling age, number of seedlings per hill, planting density, nitrogen and phosphorous per hectare, nitrogen before transplanting, harvesting date, lodging problem, pest problem, diseases problem and weeds problem) were 83.64 and 16.35 kg/ha, respectively. Based on the finding, it can be stated that the model precision is appropriate and can be applied for both estimation of the quantity of yield gap and determining the portion of each restricting yield variables.
