پديد آورندگان :
رستم زاد، سحر دانشگاه علم و صنعت ايران - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي، تهران، ايران , فيضي، محسن دانشگاه علم و صنعت ايران - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي - گروه معماري، تهران، ايران , صنايعيان، هانيه دانشگاه علم و صنعت ايران - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي - گروه معماري، تهران، ايران , خاكزند، مهدي دانشگاه علم و صنعت ايران - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي - گروه معماري، تهران، ايران
كليدواژه :
نور طبيعي , آسايش بصري , خيرگي , پوسته متحرك , طراحي پارامتريك
چكيده فارسي :
بهره‌گيري از نور طبيعي در فضا‌هاي داخلي، افزون بر كاهش مصرف انرژي، تأثيرات مثبت فيزيكي و رواني بر كاربران را نيز در پي دارد. در كنار فوايد استفاده از نور طبيعي بايد توجه داشت كه زياده از حد بودن مقدار نور در فضا، منجر به بروز نارضايتي بصري و خيرگي مي‌شود. در اين مطالعه بهره‌وري روشنايي يك پوسته متحرك با طرح اسليمي مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است. شش ضلعي‌هاي اين طرح به عنوان بازشو در نظر گرفته شده‌اند و حركت آن‌ها وابسته به موقعيت خورشيد مي‌باشد. هدف از طراحي اين پوسته و سناريوي حركتي آن، تأمين آسايش بصري در يك فضاي اداري با نماي جنوبي در شهر تهران است. همچنين در مقابل پوسته، پانل‌هاي افقي با هدف كاهش تابش مستقيم نور خورشيد در نظر گرفته شده‌اند. براي مدل‌سازي از نرم‌افزار گرس هاپر براي راينو، استخراج داده‌هاي آب و هوايي و موقعيت خورشيد از پلاگين ليدي باگ، آناليز نور از پلاگين هاني بي و براي يافتن حالات بهينه از نرم‌افزار ديزاين اكسپلورر استفاده شده است. آناليز‌هاي خيرگي در ساعات بحراني در 4 روز بحراني سال انجام شده‌اند. نتايج آناليز‌هاي روشنايي سالانه نشان داد كه اعمال پوسته متحرك، نقش قابل‌توجهي در افزايش بهره‌وري روشنايي دارد و با معيار‌هاي آسايش بصري سيستم ارزشيابي ليد مطابقت مي‌كند و در اغلب ساعاتي كه آناليز خيرگي صورت گرفته، ميزان خيرگي در حد نامحسوس است.
چكيده لاتين :
Daylighting has significant impacts on the physiological and psychological needs of people in addition to reducing energy consumption. Furthermore, it should be noted that excessive daylight can cause visual discomfort and glare.
Therefore, the reasons for the growing attention towards the responsive kinetic skins are increasing the indoor lighting
levels while controlling glare and providing visual comfort due to different weather conditions during the year. This
research proposes and evaluates a sun-responsive kinetic skin consisting of an Islamic pattern for the improvement of
indoor environmental conditions. The use of Islamic patterns has a long history and a special significance in Iranian-
Islamic architecture, and its geometric and iterative design is correspondent with the idea of the kinetic skin. With the aim
of increasing the illuminance level while reducing the risk of glare, the minimum and maximum solar altitude angles are
considered corresponding to the skin opening ratio (50-100%), so that the lowest solar altitude angle is corresponding to
the highest opening ratio, and the highest solar altitude angle is corresponding to the lowest opening ratio. The case study
is a 7-meter deep south-oriented office space in Tehran. The depth of 7-meter is commonly used for conceptual design
explorations and it is also chosen to be this large so that the effect of daylighting remains visible for all adaptive façade
variations. Furthermore, horizontal louvers are deployed among the facade to control excessive unwanted daylight.
The aim of this study is to provide a visual comfort level based on the LEED certificate. According to LEED, spatial
daylight autonomy (SDA) of at least 50%, and annual sunlight exposure (ASE) of no more than 10% is recommended.
The proposed envelope was evaluated using Grasshopper/Rhino for parametric simulation, Ladybug for inputting time
zones and delivering sun position coordinates, Honeybee for analyzing daylight and glare, and online software ‘Design
Explorer’ for extracting optimum solutions. The reflectance of the floor, ceiling, and walls are considered 20%, 80%
and 50%, respectively, according to the conventional materials. Louver depth (50 and 100 centimeters), louver material
(plastic and aluminium), glass material (double glazed low emissivity glass, and double-glazed clear glass), and the
kinetic skin material (plastic and aluminium) were considered as input variables. Test points were chosen 0.5 meters
apart and 0.8 meters high from the floor (desk height). The glare analyses were conducted during the winter solstice
(December 21st), spring equinox (March 21st), autumn equinox (September 23st), and the summer solstice (June 21st) at
09:00h, 12:00h, and 16:00h, in order to meet extreme sun angles. In this study, 360 glare analyses and 30 annual daylight
analyses were performed. The results show that the proposed system is efficiently capable of achieving imperceptible
glare most of the time and providing the improvement of daylight performance and visual comfort level based on the
LEED certificate. Useful daylight illuminance (UDI) increases by around 20 percent. Despite the decrease in spatial
daylight autonomy (SDA) by around 3-20 percent, annual solar exposure (ASE) decreases by around 40-50 percent.
